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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range of Q Angle for females?
What is the normal range of Q Angle for females?
What does an increased Q Angle indicate?
What does an increased Q Angle indicate?
What is the main goal of intensive active exercises in conservative treatment?
What is the main goal of intensive active exercises in conservative treatment?
What is the name of the operation that involves the removal of a wedge of bone to correct malalignment?
What is the name of the operation that involves the removal of a wedge of bone to correct malalignment?
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What is the name of the medication that is often used to relieve pain in OA knee patients?
What is the name of the medication that is often used to relieve pain in OA knee patients?
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What is the name of the operation that involves joint replacement?
What is the name of the operation that involves joint replacement?
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What is the normal range of Q Angle for males?
What is the normal range of Q Angle for males?
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What is the name of the condition where the knee joint bends inward?
What is the name of the condition where the knee joint bends inward?
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What is the purpose of referring to a physical therapist in conservative treatment?
What is the purpose of referring to a physical therapist in conservative treatment?
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What is the indication for operation in OA knee patients?
What is the indication for operation in OA knee patients?
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Study Notes
Osteoarthritis
- Refers to the simultaneous and progressive breakdown and repair of articular cartilage
- Cartilaginous degeneration occurs due to poor healing properties of cartilage tissue
- Damage to cartilage is not entirely repaired and accumulates with aging
Development of Osteoarthritis
- Step 1: Damage/degeneration of cartilage
- Osteophyte formation
- Synovium inflammation
- Subchondral bone plate changes
Osteoporosis
- Weakened bone structure
- Decreased bone density
- Increased brittleness
- Aka spongy bone, trabecular bone especially
Osteoporotic Fractures
- More prone to fractures, especially Colles' Fracture and hip fractures
- Lead to weaker bone structure, decreased bone density, and increased brittleness
Treatments for Osteoporosis
- Dietary correction of deficiencies
- Large doses of calcium and vitamin D to stimulate bone growth
- Weight-bearing exercise to reduce fracture risk, improve muscle strength, and balance
- Vertebroplasty: injecting cement into cracked or broken spinal bone to relieve pain### Knee Joint Alignment
- Q Angle is an indicator for risk of OA knee
- Q Angle is formed by two lines: one from ASIS to central patella and another from central patella to tibial tubercle
- Normal Q Angle range: 14 degrees for males and 17 degrees for females
- Increased Q Angle (> 17 degrees) indicates risk of OA knee
- Decreased Q Angle (< 14 degrees) indicates genu varum (knock knee)
Treatment for OA Knee
- Conservative treatment:
- Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Intensive active exercises to strengthen wasted quadriceps muscle
- Operation is indicated if conservative treatment fails
- Three main operations:
1. Upper Tibial Osteotomy
- Correction of malalignment by removal of wedge of bone
2. Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion)
- Rarely performed, often for bed-bound patients
3. Arthroplasty (Total Knee Replacement)
- Commonly performed, relieves pain and can slow down degenerative process
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