Gr 8 Natural Sciences November Exam (Easy)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy for life on Earth?

  • Chemical reactions
  • Chlorophyll
  • Glucose
  • The Sun (correct)

    • What is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

  • Glucose
  • Chloroplast
  • Chlorophyll (correct)
  • Starch

    • Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast (correct)
  • Cell wall
  • Nucleus

    • What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy stored within chemical bonds, available for release in chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a simple sugar produced by plants during photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms release energy from food?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of glucose in plants, insoluble in water?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecosystem?

    <p>A complex network of biotic and abiotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>To provide non-living physical and chemical elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis released by plants?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of respiration in organisms?

    <p>To produce energy for cellular processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between hyenas and vultures?

    <p>Competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of mutualism?

    <p>Bees and flowers interacting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the seasonal movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predator in an ecosystem?

    <p>An organism that hunts and feeds on other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biosphere?

    <p>The collective functioning of all ecosystems on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when one species is removed or its population changes in an ecosystem?

    <p>The interconnected nature of the food web allows for adjustments among other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of biodiversity on energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>It enhances the efficiency of energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of removing a key species from a food web?

    <p>Cascading effects occur throughout the ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is illustrated by an energy pyramid?

    <p>The significant decrease in available energy from one level to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is used as food for the plant?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ecosystem balance?

    <p>The balance between different trophic levels and resources available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants?

    <p>To confirm that a plant photosynthesizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that no longer exists?

    <p>Extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between glucose and starch?

    <p>Glucose is soluble in water, while starch is insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of respiration in organisms?

    <p>To release energy from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when primary producers die in an ecosystem?

    <p>The entire food chain is disrupted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects population growth in an ecosystem?

    <p>Both natural and human-induced factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reactant in the process of respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a natural factor that can affect ecosystem balance?

    <p>Natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater in testing for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To detect the presence of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support organisms?

    <p>Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of ecology?

    <p>The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environments?

    <p>Ecologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of the global sum of all ecosystems?

    <p>Biosphere Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumer has a diverse diet that includes both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a food chain?

    <p>To depict the linear sequence of energy and nutrient flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy loss at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>A decrease in energy availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumer is a primary consumer?

    <p>Herbivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of predators in an ecosystem?

    <p>To regulate population sizes and maintain balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a food web?

    <p>To illustrate the interconnectedness of various food chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>The complexity of feeding relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To produce energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nutrient cycling in an ecosystem?

    <p>An increase in nutrient availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of predators in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control the population size of prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that defines the boundaries of an ecosystem?

    <p>Interactions and processes that occur within it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To synthesize their own food from inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide + Water -&gt; Glucose + Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer feeds directly on producers (plants)?

    <p>Herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major contributor to the extinction of species?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats meat?

    <p>Carnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of habitat destruction?

    <p>Disruption of ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Riverine Rabbit's primary habitat?

    <p>Karoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose and Oxygen are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ecological monitoring?

    <p>To detect imbalances early and allow for timely interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their surroundings?

    <p>Camouflage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of ecosystems?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fungi play in the ecosystem?

    <p>Play essential roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of adaptation that involves physical characteristics of organisms?

    <p>Structural adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To maintain ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They are a diverse group of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>They cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of overexploitation of resources?

    <p>Depletion of populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a plant-like protist?

    <p>Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protected areas?

    <p>To provide habitat for endangered species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a beneficial use of microorganisms?

    <p>Producing antibiotics and biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an animal-like protist?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To return nutrients to the water and soil, maintaining the nutrient cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, pollution, and climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>A decrease in ecosystem health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an energy pyramid?

    <p>A graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consumer in the food chain?

    <p>Grasshopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of energy consumed at each trophic level that is used for the organism's metabolic processes?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the different levels of energy consumption in a food chain?

    <p>Trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain is linear, while a food web is a network of interconnected food chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of primary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To consume producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to ecosystems due to human activities?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for non-native species that can outcompete native species for resources or introduce diseases?

    <p>Invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is biodiversity important for ecosystem stability?

    <p>It contributes to the resilience and stability of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interconnectedness of ecosystems, where harming one component can have cascading effects on other components?

    <p>Ripple effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of conservation efforts?

    <p>Long-term benefits for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organization plays a critical role in advocating for environmental protection and conducting research?

    <p>Environmental organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves?

    <p>To conserve habitats and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local communities in conservation efforts?

    <p>They play a vital role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of legislation and policy in conservation efforts?

    <p>To protect the environment and control pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of overexploitation of natural resources?

    <p>Population declines and ecosystem disruption occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation allows the baobab tree to survive in arid regions?

    <p>Storing water in its thick trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of migration in animals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which one species resembles another to gain protection or other advantages?

    <p>Mimicry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation helps the umbrella thorn acacia tree to survive in the African savanna?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of human activities on the Riverine Rabbit's habitat?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between natural and human-induced changes in the environment?

    <p>Natural changes are temporary, while human-induced changes are permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flower timing in plants?

    <p>To attract pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hibernation in animals?

    <p>To conserve energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adaptation of the baobab tree that helps it to survive in arid regions?

    <p>Water storage in its trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye?

    <p>Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms infect a host organism?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial bacteria in the ecosystem?

    <p>Fixing nitrogen in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of viruses in the ecosystem?

    <p>Causing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of invasive species from an ecosystem?

    <p>Mechanical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts in ecosystems?

    <p>To enhance conservation outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for single-celled microorganisms that belong to the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, what is the primary function of chlorophyll and sunlight?

    <p>To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reactant in the process of respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants?

    <p>To validate the occurrence of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater in testing for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To demonstrate the presence of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucose produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>To provide energy for growth and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between glucose and starch?

    <p>Glucose is sweet-tasting, while starch is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of energy in the process of respiration?

    <p>To release energy from glucose for growth and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of glucose to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecosystem?

    <p>A complex network of biotic and abiotic components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

    <p>To convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between bees and flowers?

    <p>Symbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration released by organisms?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plants in an ecosystem?

    <p>To convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Biotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants convert glucose into energy?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between two or more species that compete for the same limited resource?

    <p>Competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?

    <p>To absorb light energy for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose?

    <p>Chemical Potential Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of plants converting radiant energy into chemical energy?

    <p>Production of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Sun's energy in the environment?

    <p>Affecting the overall environment in which plants grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pigment that gives color to plant tissues and is involved in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy that is available for release in chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical Potential Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insectivores in an ecosystem?

    <p>To regulate insect populations and serve as prey for higher-level carnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter and return nutrients to the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer has a diet that includes both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy flow in an ecosystem typically represented by?

    <p>Food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between food chains and food webs?

    <p>Food chains depict a linear sequence of energy flow, while food webs show interconnected relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control population sizes and maintain balance within ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nutrient cycling in an ecosystem?

    <p>To make nutrients available to producers again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy loss at each trophic level?

    <p>An increase in the number of trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do decomposers return to the soil?

    <p>Nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To capture energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy Pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats producers?

    <p>Primary Consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy loss at each trophic level in a food chain?

    <p>Energy is decreased by 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do energy pyramids have a pyramid shape?

    <p>Because energy decreases at each trophic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They increase ecosystem stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sun in energy flow within ecosystems?

    <p>To provide energy for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for each step in a food chain or food web?

    <p>Trophic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities on feeding relationships within ecosystems?

    <p>They disrupt food chains and food webs, leading to declines in biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environments?

    <p>Ecologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of the global sum of all ecosystems?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial fungi in ecological systems?

    <p>They are essential for decomposition and nutrient cycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an animal-like protist?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive impact of microorganisms?

    <p>They are essential for nutrient cycling and decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>They cause disease in humans, animals, and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a biotechnological application of microorganisms?

    <p>Genetic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To synthesize their own food from inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the extinction of dinosaurs?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of herbivores in an ecosystem?

    <p>To feed directly on producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>It enhances the efficiency of energy flow and reduces the impact of population fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of habitat destruction?

    <p>Disruption of ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To maintain ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a key species is removed from a food web?

    <p>Cascading effects occur throughout the ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis released by plants?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the introduction of non-native species?

    <p>Invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for organisms in an ecosystem?

    <p>Solar energy from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that is at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of protected areas?

    <p>To provide safe havens for endangered species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>Ecological dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fish in a pond ecosystem?

    <p>To feed on aquatic plants and algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a disruption in the balance of an ecosystem?

    <p>Significant consequences for all species involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for changes in organisms that help them survive and reproduce?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of organisms changing over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying ecosystems?

    <p>To understand the structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support the organisms living there?

    <p>Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It can alter habitats and lead to shifts in population dynamics or even extinctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pathways through which energy and nutrients flow within an ecosystem?

    <p>Feeding relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a structural adaptation?

    <p>Long legs and strong muscles in some animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is illustrated by an energy pyramid?

    <p>The flow of energy from one trophic level to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats insects?

    <p>Insectivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ecological monitoring?

    <p>To detect imbalances early</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of animals from one region to another?

    <p>Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of primary producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>They capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the balance between different trophic levels and the resources available in an ecosystem?

    <p>Ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the umbrella-shaped canopy in the Umbrella Thorn Acacia tree?

    <p>To reduce water loss and maximize light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the Riverine Rabbit's critically endangered status?

    <p>Habitat destruction and fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a natural factor that can affect ecosystem balance?

    <p>Natural disasters like floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hibernation in some animals?

    <p>To conserve energy during periods of food scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of one species to resemble another, providing protection or other advantages?

    <p>Mimicry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the baobab tree's thick trunk?

    <p>To store water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of plants producing food through light energy?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the baobab tree's flowers emitting a rotting meat odor?

    <p>To attract pollinators like bats, flies, and moths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptations that allow animals to thrive in their specific environments?

    <p>Behavioral adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main threat to ecosystems from human activities?

    <p>Habitat destruction and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To provide education and promote sustainable livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of environmental organizations in conservation?

    <p>Advocating for environmental protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of disrupting ecological balance?

    <p>Decline in native species and alteration of ecosystem functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms in ecosystems?

    <p>To play important roles in digestion, nitrogen fixation, and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>Enhancing ecosystem stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of overexploitation in ecosystems?

    <p>Population decline and disruption of ecological balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first microbiologist who designed and built his own microscopes?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for single-celled microorganisms that belong to the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local communities in conservation?

    <p>Playing a vital role in conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of conservation for sustainable development?

    <p>Ensuring natural resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mechanical removal in invasive species management?

    <p>To physically remove invasive species from an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of alien invasive species on ecosystems?

    <p>Outcompeting native species and introducing diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that impairs normal functioning and is often caused by microorganisms?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protected areas in conservation?

    <p>Establishing safe havens for wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of interconnectedness of ecosystems?

    <p>Harming one component can have cascading effects on other components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms invade and multiply within a host organism, often causing disease?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of energy that plants use to fuel their biological processes?

    <p>Chemical potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source that supports most living organisms on Earth?

    <p>Radiant energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy released when chemical bonds are broken?

    <p>Chemical potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for living organisms?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is used as food for plants?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants convert radiant energy into chemical potential energy?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants?

    <p>To confirm that a plant photosynthesizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reactant in the process of respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater in testing for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To detect the presence of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for the process of respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who specializes in studying the interactions between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To synthesize their own food from inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer feeds directly on producers?

    <p>Herbivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis released by plants?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats meat?

    <p>Carnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for producers?

    <p>Light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are the foundation of any ecosystem?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pathways through which energy and nutrients flow within an ecosystem?

    <p>Feeding relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer has a diverse diet that includes both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between two species that vie for the same limited resource?

    <p>Competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a linear sequence that depicts how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the natural environment where an organism resides?

    <p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carnivores in a food web?

    <p>To consume other animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which energy is transferred from one trophic level to another?

    <p>Energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is released by plants?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of insectivores in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control insect populations and serve as prey for higher-level carnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of respiration in organisms?

    <p>To release energy from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex network of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy loss at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Decreased energy availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that hunts and feeds on other organisms?

    <p>Predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interconnected network of feeding relationships within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective functioning of all ecosystems on Earth?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem?

    <p>To regulate population sizes, maintaining balance within ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To produce energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environments?

    <p>Ecologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of the global sum of all ecosystems?

    <p>Biosphere ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecological organization involves the study of a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fungi play in decomposing organic matter?

    <p>Break down organic matter into simpler components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They do not fit neatly into other kingdoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an animal-like protist?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive impact of microorganisms?

    <p>Maintaining ecosystem health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an industrial use of bacteria and fungi?

    <p>Producing food and beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>Causing disease and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of invasive species management?

    <p>To prevent the spread of invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi?

    <p>To decompose organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye?

    <p>Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial bacteria in the ecosystem?

    <p>To fix nitrogen in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, pollution, and climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>A decrease in biodiversity and ecosystem health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from one organism to another in a linear sequence?

    <p>Food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of removing a key species from a food web?

    <p>Cascading effects on the entire ecosystem occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fungi in the ecosystem?

    <p>To decompose organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>To enhance the efficiency of energy flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for organisms in an ecosystem?

    <p>The sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the top level of an energy pyramid?

    <p>Tertiary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support organisms?

    <p>Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a decline in primary producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>The entire food chain is disrupted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats producers?

    <p>Primary consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats secondary consumers?

    <p>Tertiary consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that is at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for each step in a food chain or food web?

    <p>Trophic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the balance within an ecosystem between different trophic levels and the resources available?

    <p>Ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It can alter habitats, leading to shifts in population dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the mechanisms of energy transfer and the relationships within food chains and food webs?

    <p>To comprehend ecosystem dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a decline in the population of a key species in an ecosystem?

    <p>Cascading effects on the entire ecosystem occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a natural disaster that can cause sudden and severe disruptions to ecosystems?

    <p>Natural disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the extinction of dinosaurs?

    <p>A sudden climate change event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way human activities can disrupt ecosystems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To maintain ecosystem balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical characteristics of organisms that enhance survival?

    <p>Structural adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the seasonal movement of animals from one region to another?

    <p>Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the decline of the Riverine Rabbit?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the introduction of non-native species that can disrupt local ecosystems?

    <p>Invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms release energy from food?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key threats to ecosystems?

    <p>Habitat Destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conservation efforts?

    <p>To protect natural resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ripple effect in ecosystems?

    <p>When harming one component of an ecosystem affects other components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental organizations in conservation efforts?

    <p>To advocate for environmental protection and conduct research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of biodiversity?

    <p>It provides medicinal resources and ecosystem services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protected areas in conservation efforts?

    <p>To establish safe havens for wildlife and preserve critical ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities disrupting ecosystems?

    <p>Ecosystems face significant threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of community involvement in conservation efforts?

    <p>It plays a vital role in conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation in plants?

    <p>The umbrella-shaped canopy of the umbrella thorn acacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of alien invasive species?

    <p>They outcompete native species and disrupt ecosystem functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hibernation in animals?

    <p>To conserve energy during periods of food scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of conservation for sustainable development?

    <p>It ensures that natural resources are available for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a human-induced change that affects ecosystem balance?

    <p>Habitat destruction due to urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flower timing in plants?

    <p>To attract pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a functional adaptation in plants?

    <p>The baobab tree's ability to store water in its trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of migration in animals?

    <p>To find food, mate, or escape harsh weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a natural factor that affects ecosystem balance?

    <p>Natural disasters such as floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mimicry in animals?

    <p>To resemble another species and gain protection or other advantages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation in plants?

    <p>The ability of the baobab tree to bloom at night to attract pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass in the International System of Units?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume in the International System of Units?

    <p>Liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate density?

    <p>D = m / V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement that is equal to 1000 grams?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for density?

    <p>grams per cubic centimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement that is equal to 0.001 grams?

    <p>Milligram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material has a high mass in a given volume?

    <p>A dense material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a property of a material or system that can be measured?

    <p>Physical Quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

    <p>Close together but can move around each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter with the highest density?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the densities of different materials?

    <p>To understand how density affects the 'heaviness' of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the density of a material?

    <p>The behavior and arrangement of its particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles in a gas?

    <p>They are far apart and move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is heated?

    <p>They speed up and spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass and volume of an object?

    <p>Mass is inversely proportional to volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do engineers leave expansion joints in concrete roads?

    <p>To accommodate thermal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do solids generally have high density?

    <p>Because their particles are tightly packed together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the liquid inside a thermometer when the temperature increases?

    <p>It expands and rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in size of a material when heated?

    <p>Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do materials contract when cooled?

    <p>Because their particles slow down and come closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of designing bridges with expansion joints?

    <p>To accommodate thermal expansion and contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is cooled?

    <p>They slow down and come closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do materials expand when heated?

    <p>Because their particles gain energy and move faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on water?

    <p>Because its particles are farther apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is density a measure of?

    <p>How much mass is contained in a given volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in size of a material when cooled?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oil float on water?

    <p>Because oil is lighter than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a gas expands from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>Its density decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Closely packed and rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to clean up oil spills?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cluster?

    <p>A group of particles or atoms that are close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when we layer liquids of different densities?

    <p>The less dense liquid floats on top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of particle arrangement on density?

    <p>Tightly packed particles result in higher density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To understand the differences in particle arrangement and spacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for understanding thermal expansion and contraction?

    <p>To prevent structural failures and prolong the lifespan of buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the length of a metal rod when it is heated?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container?

    <p>Gas pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used to measure the pressure of a gas?

    <p>Pressure gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is heated?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreasing the volume of a gas on its pressure?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects gas pressure?

    <p>Number of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the gas particles when a gas is cooled?

    <p>They lose energy and move slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an air valve?

    <p>To control the release or admission of air into a container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction when ammonium dichromate burns in oxygen?

    <p>Nitrogen gas, water, and chromium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of study that Marie Curie was renowned for, in addition to physics?

    <p>Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of careers often involve the use of chemistry?

    <p>Fields like medicine, environmental science, forensic science, and materials science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound that burns in oxygen to produce bright orange sparks and forms nitrogen gas, water, and chromium oxide?

    <p>Ammonium dichromate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Marie Curie's achievement in winning Nobel Prizes?

    <p>She was the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a compound?

    <p>A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where the reactants and products are expressed using their chemical formulae?

    <p>Chemical Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms such as yeast convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction where the reactants are transformed into products?

    <p>Rearrangement of atoms to form new compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for numbers placed before the formulae in a chemical equation to indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction?

    <p>Coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms release energy from food?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction where the reactants break their bonds and form new bonds to create the products?

    <p>Rearrangement of atoms to form new compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common signs that a chemical reaction has taken place?

    <p>Formation of gas, change in color, or production of heat or light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a gas is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>Its density decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using vinegar in the example activity?

    <p>To react with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume is decreased?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The formation of new substances with different chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The breaking and forming of chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the reaction over time in the example activity?

    <p>To observe the dissolution of the eggshell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles in a gas when its volume is increased?

    <p>They have more space to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the reaction flask in a chemical reaction?

    <p>To carry out the chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction that can be detected using our senses?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate density?

    <p>Density (D) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of dense materials?

    <p>They have a high mass in a given volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To compare the densities of different materials with the same volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the particles of a solid arrange themselves?

    <p>They are closely packed in a regular, fixed arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter has a low density?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the particles of a gas arrange themselves?

    <p>They are far apart and move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a liquid to a gas?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass in the metric system?

    <p>Kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of volume?

    <p>The amount of space that an object occupies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of density?

    <p>The measure of how much mass of a material fits into a given volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume in the metric system?

    <p>Liter (L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physical quantity?

    <p>A property of a material or system that can be measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mass and volume?

    <p>Density is the ratio of mass to volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for density?

    <p>Kilogram per liter (kg/L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the density of a material indicate?

    <p>How tightly packed the particles in the material are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the distinct layering of liquids in a container?

    <p>The difference in density between the liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why ice floats on water?

    <p>Its particles are arranged in a crystalline structure that takes up more space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles in a material when it is heated?

    <p>They move faster and spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where materials change in size when they are heated or cooled?

    <p>Thermal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the densities of different states of matter?

    <p>To understand the differences in particle arrangement and spacing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of expansion joints in concrete roads?

    <p>To allow for expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of particles or atoms that are close together?

    <p>Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles in a material when it is cooled?

    <p>They move slower and come closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oil float on water?

    <p>Because oil is less dense than water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when gas from a smaller container is transferred to a larger container?

    <p>It expands to fill the space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do engineers design bridges with expansion joints?

    <p>To allow for expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of layering liquids with different densities in a container?

    <p>The less dense liquid will float on top of the denser liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind thermometers?

    <p>The principle of contraction and expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the effect of one thing on another?

    <p>Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the material's density when it is heated?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a material increasing in size?

    <p>Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to clean up oil spills?

    <p>Because oil spreads over a large area and is difficult to contain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the density of a material and the behavior of its particles?

    <p>Higher density means more closely packed particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the particles in a solid being closely packed together?

    <p>A higher density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles when a gas is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>Particles have more space to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in colour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the expansion and contraction of different materials when heated or cooled?

    <p>To prevent structural failures and prolong the lifespan of buildings and other structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the acetic acid in vinegar reacts with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell?

    <p>The eggshell dissolves and the membrane remains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you identify gas formation in a chemical reaction?

    <p>By observing the formation of bubbles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that gas particles exert when they collide with the walls of their container?

    <p>Gas pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical reaction?

    <p>A process in which substances are transformed into new substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device used to measure the pressure of a gas?

    <p>Pressure gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the gas particles when a gas is heated?

    <p>They move faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreasing the volume of a gas?

    <p>Particles have less space to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increasing the volume of a gas?

    <p>The pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Removing an Eggshell with a Chemical Reaction' activity?

    <p>To demonstrate a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cooling a gas on its particles?

    <p>They lose energy and move slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a gas is cooled?

    <p>Particles move slower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reaction flask or reaction vessel?

    <p>A container used to carry out a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside a container when more gas particles are added?

    <p>The pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a sign of a chemical reaction that can be detected using our senses?

    <p>A change in smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Measuring Gas Pressure'?

    <p>To measure the pressure inside a container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume?

    <p>The pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreasing the number of gas particles in a container?

    <p>The pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion of ammonium dichromate?

    <p>Nitrogen gas, water, and chromium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of science that Marie Curie made significant contributions to?

    <p>Physics and Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the career field that involves discovering new compounds and developing new materials?

    <p>Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual effect of the combustion of ammonium dichromate?

    <p>It produces a bright orange spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique achievement of Marie Curie in the field of Nobel Prizes?

    <p>She was the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during a chemical reaction when the reactants break their bonds and form new bonds?

    <p>New compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where the reactants and products are expressed using their chemical formulae?

    <p>Chemical Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction when the reactants are transformed into products?

    <p>Rearrangement of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together?

    <p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where the reactants are transformed into products involving the breaking of bonds in the reactants and the formation of new bonds in the products?

    <p>Chemical Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the numbers placed before the formulae in a chemical equation to indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction?

    <p>Coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change can occur in a chemical reaction that helps identify that a reaction has taken place?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating density?

    <p>D = m ÷ V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a dense material?

    <p>A piece of cake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter that has a high density due to tightly packed particles?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter that has a low density due to widely spaced particles?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a liquid to a gas?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To compare the densities of different materials with the same volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Closely packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why ice floats on water?

    <p>It has a lower density than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the effect or influence of one thing on another?

    <p>Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why oil floats on water?

    <p>Oil is less dense than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when gas from a smaller container is transferred to a larger container?

    <p>It expands to fill the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the length of a metal rod when it is heated?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Comparing Densities' activity?

    <p>To compare the density of different states of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that gas particles exert when they collide with the walls of their container?

    <p>Gas pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do oil spills cause significant environmental damage?

    <p>They spread over large areas and poison marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a group of particles or atoms that are close together?

    <p>Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is cooled?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why sand has a high density?

    <p>Its particles are closely packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pressure gauge?

    <p>To measure the pressure of a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the density of a material?

    <p>The behavior and arrangement of its particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of layering liquids by density?

    <p>To compare the density of different liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles in a material when it is heated?

    <p>They move faster and push further apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume is decreased?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do bridges have expansion joints?

    <p>To accommodate the expansion and contraction of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the density of a material?

    <p>A measure of how tightly packed the particles are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a gas when it is heated?

    <p>They move faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reinforcement in designing structures?

    <p>To strengthen or support an object, especially with additional material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the number of particles in a container on gas pressure?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Measuring Gas Pressure'?

    <p>To measure the pressure of a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of thermal expansion and contraction?

    <p>A tin-roofed house on a hot day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when its temperature is increased?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the material's density when it is heated?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in size of a material when heated?

    <p>Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cooling a gas on the frequency of collisions with the container walls?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in size of a material when cooled?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do engineers allow for expansion when designing concrete roads?

    <p>To prevent the road from cracking due to thermal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thermometers?

    <p>To measure the temperature changes accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 1000 grams?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical quantity that is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of how much mass of a material fits into a given volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume that is equal to 1000 milliliters?

    <p>Liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a property of a material or system that can be measured?

    <p>Physical Quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 0.001 grams?

    <p>Milligram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume that is equal to 1 cubic centimeter?

    <p>Milliliter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mass and volume that is measured by density?

    <p>Mass divided by volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a gas when it is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in colour and gas formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a reaction flask?

    <p>To carry out a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when vinegar reacts with the calcium carbonate in an eggshell?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles when a gas is cooled?

    <p>They move slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of increased volume of a gas?

    <p>Decreased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction that can be observed using our senses?

    <p>Smell, heat, and sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a chemical reaction in the example activity of removing an eggshell?

    <p>To dissolve the eggshell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of decreased collisions of particles with container walls?

    <p>Decreased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is given more space to move?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compound produced when ammonium dichromate burns in oxygen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of science that Marie Curie was known for, in addition to chemistry?

    <p>Physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of chemistry in careers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the woman who was the first to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields?

    <p>Marie Curie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that produces bright orange sparks and forms nitrogen gas, water, and dark green chromium oxide?

    <p>Burning of ammonium dichromate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Substances with different properties from the original reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a reactant?

    <p>A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coefficients in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation?

    <p>A metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rearrangement of atoms to form new compounds?

    <p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

    <p>To express the reactants and products using their chemical formulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a chemical reaction be detected?

    <p>By observing the formation of gas, a change in color, or the production of heat or light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pathogens be transmitted through the air?

    <p>Through droplets in the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of waterborne transmission of pathogens?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pathogens enter the body?

    <p>Through cuts or wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contaminate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs when food is prepared without proper hygiene?

    <p>Foodborne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in body temperature, often due to infection?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in soil fertility and agricultural productivity?

    <p>They provide essential nutrients to plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>They produce vitamins and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

    <p>Atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fermentation in food processing?

    <p>To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with introducing the concept of atoms to the scientific world?

    <p>John Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>They are used in all of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical application of microorganisms?

    <p>They are used in both vaccine development and antibiotic production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models?

    <p>To aid understanding of complex concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Alexander Fleming's discovery?

    <p>It led to the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an element?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in biotechnology?

    <p>They are used in both biofuel production and genetic engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the central part of an atom?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus?

    <p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using yeast in baking?

    <p>To make dough rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in food processing?

    <p>They are used to convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of atoms combining in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds?

    <p>Chemical bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the substances that consist of only one type of atom?

    <p>Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>They are used to break down organic matter and reduce pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of pathogens?

    <p>Regular hand washing with soap and warm water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a proton?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Malaria and rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the atomic number of an element?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the forces between particles in a solid?

    <p>They are stronger than in liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are electrons located in an atom?

    <p>In the electron clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles during evaporation?

    <p>They gain enough energy to break free from the liquid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way HIV is transmitted?

    <p>Through unprotected sex with an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>They stabilize the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the spaces between particles in all states of matter?

    <p>They are empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the pioneering French chemist and microbiologist who made significant contributions to medical microbiology?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the particle model of matter?

    <p>It helps predict the behavior of matter under different conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pure substance?

    <p>A material made of only one kind of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made of one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more types of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules?

    <p>Legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles during condensation?

    <p>They lose energy and come closer to form a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use for growth?

    <p>Nitrogen-fixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electrons in an atom?

    <p>They are attracted to the positively charged protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the movement of particles in a gas?

    <p>They are far apart and move randomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the arrangement of electrons in an atom?

    <p>It determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a change of state that occurs when heat is removed?

    <p>Freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern model of the atom?

    <p>The electron cloud model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the particles in a liquid?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of HIV?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from a solid directly to a gas?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding pure substances in chemistry?

    <p>It helps us understand the behavior of elements and compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles during melting?

    <p>They gain energy and move out of their fixed positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a solid?

    <p>They vibrate in their fixed positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the arrangement of particles in liquids and gases?

    <p>Particles in liquids are closely packed, while particles in gases are far apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>Mass of particles, state of matter, temperature, and space between particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the zigzag path?

    <p>A particle's journey from point A to point B involving numerous collisions and changes in direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diffusion in liquids and gases?

    <p>Diffusion in liquids is slower than in gases due to more frequent collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of solids that allows them to retain their shape?

    <p>Fixed shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out?

    <p>Diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of gases that allows them to expand and fill their container?

    <p>Fill available space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a liquid?

    <p>They are closely packed but not in a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

    <p>Vapour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a solid is heated to its melting point?

    <p>It melts into a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Solidifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energetic movement of particles?

    <p>Energetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in form, appearance, nature, or character?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a solid changes to a liquid?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecule?

    <p>A group of atoms chemically bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical formulae?

    <p>To represent the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in decomposition reactions?

    <p>The breaking of chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mixture?

    <p>A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made up of only one kind of atom, while compounds are made up of two or more kinds of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical bonds?

    <p>To hold atoms together in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water?

    <p>The formation of hydrogen and oxygen gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures?

    <p>Pure substances are composed of only one type of matter, while mixtures are composed of two or more types of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded?

    <p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a pure substance?

    <p>It has a fixed composition and properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made up of atoms, while compounds are made up of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a mixture?

    <p>It consists of different kinds of particles that are not chemically bonded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of oxygen gas (O2)?

    <p>Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of milk?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aspect of the particle model of matter?

    <p>All matter is made up of incredibly small particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of air?

    <p>Homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of sea water?

    <p>Homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of steel?

    <p>Homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an increase in body temperature often due to infection?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pathogens be transmitted through the air?

    <p>Through droplets in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission where pathogens enter the body through cuts or wounds?

    <p>Direct Contact Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a source of pathogens, leading to waterborne diseases?

    <p>Untreated and contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs when pathogens are present in improperly handled or contaminated food?

    <p>Foodborne Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a neutron?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are electrons typically found in an atom?

    <p>In the electron cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the atomic number and identity of an element?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together?

    <p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Contributes to the atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern model of the atom that depicts the atom as consisting of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons?

    <p>Electron cloud model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pure substance?

    <p>A material made of only one kind of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protons in an atom?

    <p>Determine the electron arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of two or more atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of electrons in an atom?

    <p>Determine the chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a solid?

    <p>They vibrate in a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between particles in a liquid and a gas?

    <p>Particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together in fixed ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of diffusion?

    <p>The random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecule?

    <p>A group of atoms bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of matter from one physical state to another?

    <p>Change of state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical formulae?

    <p>To represent the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a solid is heated to its melting point?

    <p>It changes into a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>The mass of particles, state of matter, temperature, and space between particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a decomposition reaction?

    <p>A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of particles moving randomly in liquids and gases?

    <p>Particles spread out and mix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diffusion in liquids and gases?

    <p>Diffusion is slower in liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main events that occur in any chemical reaction?

    <p>Breaking of chemical bonds and formation of new bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mixture?

    <p>A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a liquid cools?

    <p>It loses energy and its particles slow down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Regular and closely packed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of diffusion?

    <p>Smelling garbage or stink bombs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

    <p>A pure substance consists of only one type of matter throughout, while a mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

    <p>Vapour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of strong forces of attraction between particles in a solid?

    <p>Particles vibrate in a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical bonds?

    <p>To hold atoms together in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water?

    <p>Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a change in form, appearance, nature, or character?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a gas?

    <p>They are far apart and move rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a compound?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in the production of yogurt and cheese?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>To break down organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered penicillin by chance in 1928?

    <p>Alexander Fleming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms are used to clean up oil spills and other environmental contaminants?

    <p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in the production of biofuels?

    <p>Biofuel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest particles that make up atoms?

    <p>Sub-atomic particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in the development of vaccines?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of atoms to the scientific world?

    <p>John Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of microorganisms in genetic engineering to produce important pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models?

    <p>To simplistically represent complex concepts or phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an element?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the beneficial relationship between plants and bacteria in soil?

    <p>Mutualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of elements that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses?

    <p>Isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a diatomic molecule?

    <p>Oxygen (O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of understanding the nature of atoms and matter?

    <p>Atomic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the representation of atoms as composed of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting around it?

    <p>Atomic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between pure substances and mixtures?

    <p>Pure substances are made up of atoms or molecules chemically bonded in a fixed ratio, while mixtures are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission of Rabies?

    <p>Through bites from infected animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a solid state?

    <p>They are closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a safe practice to prevent the spread of HIV?

    <p>Using sterile needles and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substances that consist of only one type of atom?

    <p>Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of air according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Mixture (homogeneous)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in medical microbiology?

    <p>He developed the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of evaporation?

    <p>They gain enough energy to break free from the liquid state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of rocks according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Mixture (heterogeneous)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To explain the properties of different states of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a gas state?

    <p>They are far apart and move randomly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of sugar (C12H22O11) according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Pure substance (compound)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>They convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of pathogens?

    <p>Regular hand washing with soap and warm water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the process of sublimation?

    <p>Particles gain enough energy to transition directly from solid to gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of gold (Au) according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Pure substance (element)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of milk according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Mixture (heterogeneous)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spaces between particles?

    <p>Voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>They break down dead plant and animal matter and recycle nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the difference in properties between solids, liquids, and gases?

    <p>The arrangement and movement of particles change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientific theory that explains some aspect of the natural world based on a body of evidence and repeated experiments?

    <p>Scientific theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controlled experiments in understanding the particle model of matter?

    <p>To test hypotheses and understand phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child?

    <p>Testing and treating pregnant women to reduce mother-to-child transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the particle model of matter, what is the nature of the particles that make up matter?

    <p>Incredibly small and discrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of condensation?

    <p>They lose energy and come closer to form a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a liquid state?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pathogens spread through the air?

    <p>When an infected person sneezes or coughs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to food if it is not handled or prepared properly?

    <p>It becomes contaminated with pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of direct contact transmission?

    <p>Through a wound caused by rusty metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a source of pathogens that cause waterborne diseases?

    <p>Untreated and contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of infection?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plants provide to bacteria in a mutualistic relationship?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in the production of yogurt and cheese?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>Breaking down organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical application of microorganisms in the development of?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery?

    <p>Discovery of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in biotechnology?

    <p>Producing biofuels and genetic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way to prevent the spread of pathogens?

    <p>Hand Hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants into less harmful substances?

    <p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in food processing?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the pioneering French chemist and microbiologist who made significant contributions to medical microbiology?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element in chemistry?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>To prevent infections like HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a simplified representation of a complex concept or phenomenon?

    <p>Scientific Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fundamental principle or assumption that is accepted without proof?

    <p>Postulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of practicing safe sex to prevent the spread of HIV?

    <p>Reduces the risk of HIV transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases?

    <p>They stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of atoms to the scientific world in 1803?

    <p>John Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?

    <p>Protons, electrons, and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of protons in an atom?

    <p>Atomic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of neutrons?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?

    <p>Atomic Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Atomic Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the atomic number of an element?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a material made of only one kind of matter throughout?

    <p>Pure substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table based on?

    <p>Increasing atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for particles smaller than an atom that make up its structure?

    <p>Sub-atomic Particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Contribute to atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron cloud model?

    <p>A model of the atomic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models in understanding complex concepts?

    <p>To present a simplified representation of a complex concept or phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pure substance?

    <p>Water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electrons in an atom?

    <p>Determine chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made of single types of atoms, compounds are made of multiple types of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protons in an atom?

    <p>Determine atomic number and identity of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of a compound?

    <p>Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties?

    <p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances?

    <p>Decomposition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of only one type of matter throughout?

    <p>Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases?

    <p>Breaking of chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distinction between similar things or people?

    <p>Distinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded?

    <p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a solid state?

    <p>They vibrate but do not move from their fixed positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of melting?

    <p>They gain energy and move out of their fixed positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a liquid state?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a solid changing directly to a gas without becoming a liquid?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using controlled experiments in science?

    <p>To test hypotheses and understand phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration?

    <p>Diffuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a gas state?

    <p>They are far apart and move randomly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a gas changing directly to a solid without becoming a liquid?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the particle model of matter useful?

    <p>It describes changes of state of matter and helps predict behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the continuous movement of particles?

    <p>Constant Motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the solid state?

    <p>Particles are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diffusion in liquids and diffusion in gases?

    <p>Diffusion is slower in liquids than in gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that pull particles towards each other?

    <p>Forces of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the gaseous state?

    <p>Particles are far apart and move freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of watching or noting something for a scientific purpose?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the liquid state?

    <p>Particles are closely packed but have no fixed arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>Mass of particles, state of matter, temperature, and space between particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made up of single atoms, while compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of mixtures?

    <p>They are composed of different kinds of particles that are not chemically bonded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a solid is heated to its melting point?

    <p>It changes into a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Regular arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of matter that includes elements and compounds?

    <p>Pure substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when particles collide with each other?

    <p>They change direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

    <p>Vapour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Sea water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of a substance that consists of molecules made up of two or more different kinds of atoms?

    <p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mixture of different kinds of particles that are not chemically bonded?

    <p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Solidifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a gas cools?

    <p>Its particles lose energy and slow down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>Granite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of a substance that consists of single atoms?

    <p>Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of matter from one physical state to another?

    <p>Change of state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To explain the structure and behavior of matter in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a specific temperature?

    <p>Boiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a closed circuit?

    <p>A complete electrical connection around which current flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of wires in a circuit?

    <p>To conduct the current between the battery, switch, and bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?

    <p>A series circuit has a single path for the current to flow, while a parallel circuit has multiple paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into heat energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the transfer of electrons from one surface to another during friction?

    <p>The contact between two surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for a cell in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A pair of parallel lines, one longer and one shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object when it loses electrons during friction?

    <p>It becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal state of an object in terms of charge?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery in a circuit?

    <p>To provide a higher voltage or increased capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two objects with the same charge interact with each other?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a circuit is open?

    <p>There is a break in the pathway, preventing the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a variable resistor?

    <p>To control the current flow dynamically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of protons in an atom?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a cell and a battery?

    <p>A cell is a single unit, while a battery is composed of multiple cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of electrons from one object to another called?

    <p>Electron transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object has more electrons than protons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of combing your hair with a plastic comb?

    <p>Your hair stands on end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the prism effect?

    <p>Different wavelengths of light bending by different amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural light on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of red light?

    <p>~700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a balloon is rubbed on hair?

    <p>Electrons transfer from the hair to the balloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for objects that emit light?

    <p>Luminous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a wave?

    <p>The number of waves that pass a point in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing?

    <p>To safely discharge extra electrons from an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light?

    <p>300,000 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used in medical imaging?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of energy through space as electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electric current?

    <p>The flow of electric charge through a closed, conducting circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the prism in the activity?

    <p>To split the light into different colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of separating a wave into its constituent parts?

    <p>Dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the visible spectrum?

    <p>~400-700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a switch in an electric circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used in remote controls and thermal imaging?

    <p>Infrared (IR) Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fuse in a circuit?

    <p>To protect the circuit from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conductor in an electric circuit?

    <p>A material that allows the flow of electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye?

    <p>Visible Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>Components are connected across common points or junctions, creating multiple paths for the current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on a resistor?

    <p>It generates heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym used to remember the colors of the visible spectrum?

    <p>ROYGBIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entire range of electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Electromagnetic Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of delocalized electrons in metals?

    <p>To move freely within the metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and the currents through each branch in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The total current is equal to the sum of the currents through each branch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of light in straight lines through space?

    <p>Rectilinear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which electric current causes chemical reactions in solutions?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of a circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy?

    <p>Resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of LEDs that makes them more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs?

    <p>They convert most of the electrical energy directly into light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?

    <p>To protect the circuit from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electroscope?

    <p>To detect the presence and type of charge on an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pinhole camera?

    <p>To demonstrate how light travels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using LEDs in electronic devices?

    <p>They have a longer lifespan than traditional light bulbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of combining the colors of the visible spectrum?

    <p>White light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temporary magnets made by winding a wire around an iron core and passing a current through the wire?

    <p>Electromagnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a closed pathway that allows the flow of electric current?

    <p>An electric circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which LEDs emit light?

    <p>Electroluminescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a light bulb in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with a cross inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a source of energy is connected to a circuit?

    <p>The electrons move in the same general direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on a filament in a light bulb?

    <p>It generates heat and emits light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding more cells in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The overall voltage of the circuit remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which electric current flows through a conductor and creates a magnetic field?

    <p>Magnetic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between series and parallel circuits?

    <p>The number of paths for the current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To open or close the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using multiple exits in a school hall?

    <p>To allow students to choose between different exits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using LEDs in home lighting?

    <p>They have a longer lifespan than traditional light bulbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of electroplating?

    <p>To improve the appearance and durability of a metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the current in a series circuit?

    <p>The current is the same at all points in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an ammeter?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>There is more than one pathway for the current to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more cells are connected in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total voltage of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for an ammeter in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with the letter 'A' inside it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do devices like light bulbs turn on immediately when a circuit is closed?

    <p>Because the electrons move simultaneously through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an investigation in a series circuit?

    <p>To understand the behavior of series circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you rub a balloon on your hair?

    <p>Electrons transfer from your hair to the balloon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing?

    <p>To safely discharge extra electrons from an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electric current?

    <p>The flow of electric charge through a conductor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a conductor in an electric circuit?

    <p>To allow the flow of current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind experiencing a slight shock when removing a jersey on a cold day?

    <p>Friction between the jersey and the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in an electric circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>No charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a resistor in an electric circuit?

    <p>To resist the flow of current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a switch in an electric circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an insulator?

    <p>A material that does not allow the flow of electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object has more electrons than protons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a load in an electric circuit?

    <p>To use the electrical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the light bulb when the switch is open?

    <p>It goes out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of friction between two surfaces?

    <p>Electrons are transferred from one surface to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interaction between objects with the same charge?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circuit has multiple paths for the current to flow?

    <p>Parallel circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is delocalized in metals?

    <p>Electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of an atom that orbits the nucleus?

    <p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for an electric circuit?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a closed pathway that allows the flow of electric current?

    <p>Electric circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object gains electrons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors in an electric circuit?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by a pair of parallel lines, one longer and one shorter, in a circuit diagram?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind hair standing on end when combing with a plastic comb?

    <p>Friction between the comb and hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when one component fails in a series circuit?

    <p>The entire circuit is broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complete electrical connection around which current flows or circulates?

    <p>Closed circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a break in the pathway, preventing the flow of current?

    <p>Open circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the zigzag line represent in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To protect the circuit from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building a simple circuit?

    <p>To understand the basic principles of circuits and current electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on a resistor?

    <p>It generates heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a circuit breaker?

    <p>To protect electrical circuits from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electrolysis of copper chloride solution?

    <p>The separation of copper and chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating?

    <p>To coat a metal object with a thin layer of another metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a device that uses the magnetic effect of an electric current?

    <p>An electric bell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heating element in a kettle?

    <p>A resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on the filament in a light bulb?

    <p>It heats up and emits light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit diagram?

    <p>To break or complete a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>Components are connected across common points or junctions, creating multiple paths for the current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance of a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and the currents through each parallel branch?

    <p>The total current is equal to the sum of the currents through each branch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of LEDs?

    <p>Electronic timepieces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of LEDs over incandescent bulbs?

    <p>They are more energy-efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transfer process in an incandescent light bulb?

    <p>Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transfer process in an LED?

    <p>Electrical Energy → Light Energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an output device?

    <p>Light bulb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a parallel circuit?

    <p>To provide multiple paths for the current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more cells are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total voltage of the circuit remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating?

    <p>To increase the durability of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>Current is the same at all points in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in series?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter?

    <p>To measure the electric current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more cells are connected in series?

    <p>The total voltage of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>There is more than one pathway for the electric current to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for an ammeter in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with the letter 'A' inside it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting ammeters in series with the components?

    <p>To measure the electric current in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when electrons move freely within a metal?

    <p>The electrons move towards the positive terminal of the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural light on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for objects that emit light?

    <p>Luminous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light travel through space?

    <p>In straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye?

    <p>Visible Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light passes through a prism?

    <p>It is dispersed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of separating a wave into its constituent parts?

    <p>Dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color with the shortest wavelength and highest frequency in the visible spectrum?

    <p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the action of light traveling through space?

    <p>Propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for moving in a straight line?

    <p>Rectilinear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of energy through space as electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the prism effect?

    <p>Different wavelengths of light bend by different amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum?

    <p>Nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a wave?

    <p>The number of waves that pass a point in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic wave has a shorter wavelength than visible light?

    <p>Ultraviolet light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the prism in the activity to investigate the visible spectrum?

    <p>To separate the light into its different colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for red light?

    <p>700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entire range of electromagnetic waves, including visible light?

    <p>Electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of X-rays in medicine?

    <p>To take medical images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symbol is used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fuse in a circuit?

    <p>To protect electrical circuits from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heating effect of an electric current used for in kettles?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of passing an electric current through a liquid or solution to break it down into its component elements?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a circuit breaker?

    <p>To protect electrical circuits from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on a resistor?

    <p>It converts electrical energy into heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current on a light bulb?

    <p>It heats up the filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temporary magnets made by winding a wire around an iron core and passing a current through the wire?

    <p>Electromagnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating?

    <p>To coat a metal object with a thin layer of another metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of static electricity?

    <p>Friction between two surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an object that has more electrons than protons?

    <p>Negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object loses electrons?

    <p>It becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of attraction between objects with opposite charges?

    <p>Attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nucleus of an atom composed of?

    <p>Protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of neutrons?

    <p>No charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object gains electrons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>Components are connected across common points or junctions, creating multiple paths for the current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of repulsion between objects with the same charge?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that represents the current relationship in a parallel circuit?

    <p>A1 = A2 + A3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of LEDs?

    <p>They produce very little heat compared to incandescent bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an application of LEDs?

    <p>Electronic timepieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transfer process in an incandescent light bulb?

    <p>Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transfer process in an LED?

    <p>Electrical Energy → Light Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating in jewelry?

    <p>To improve the appearance of the jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The sum of the currents through each parallel branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using LEDs?

    <p>They are energy-efficient and have a longer lifespan than traditional light bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>There is only one pathway for the electric current to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in a series circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more cells in parallel?

    <p>The overall voltage of the circuit remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the electric current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current divides among the different branches of the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate of electron movement in a circuit?

    <p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more cells in a series circuit?

    <p>The total voltage of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating in automotive parts?

    <p>To prevent corrosion of the car parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for an ammeter in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with the letter 'A' inside it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an ammeter?

    <p>It is designed to have very low resistance so that it does not significantly affect the current flowing through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a closed circuit and an open circuit?

    <p>A closed circuit is complete, while an open circuit has a break in the pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into heat energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when electrons transfer from hair to a balloon?

    <p>Hair becomes positively charged and the balloon becomes negatively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing?

    <p>To safely discharge extra electrons from an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a circuit in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for the current to flow?

    <p>Series circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for a cell in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A pair of parallel lines, one longer and one shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of electric charge through a closed, conducting circuit?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a component that allows electric charge to move through it?

    <p>Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of delocalized electrons in metals?

    <p>They are free to move and carry electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a variable resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow dynamically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of a circuit that provides energy?

    <p>Source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a switch is open in a circuit?

    <p>The current does not flow through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for materials that allow the flow of electric current?

    <p>Conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a wire in a circuit?

    <p>To conduct the current between the battery and the light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a circuit in which components are connected across common points, providing multiple paths for the current to flow?

    <p>Parallel circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a device that uses electrical energy?

    <p>Light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of electric charge through a conductor?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of a circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms?

    <p>Resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the prism effect?

    <p>Different wavelengths of light bending by different amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest wavelength of visible light?

    <p>700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic wave has a shorter wavelength and higher frequency than visible light?

    <p>Ultraviolet (UV) light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the prism in the activity 'Investigating the Visible Spectrum'?

    <p>To separate the different wavelengths of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a wave?

    <p>The number of waves that pass a point in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic wave is used in medical imaging?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance between two corresponding points on consecutive waves?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adjusting the angle of the light source and the prism in the activity 'Investigating the Visible Spectrum'?

    <p>To project the spectrum onto the screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural light on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for objects that emit light?

    <p>Luminous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in kilometers per second?

    <p>300,000 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of light traveling through space?

    <p>Propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye?

    <p>Visible Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of colors in the visible spectrum?

    <p>ROYGBIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light passes through a prism?

    <p>It is dispersed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of light in a straight line?

    <p>Rectilinear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pinhole camera?

    <p>To demonstrate how light travels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of combining the colors of the visible spectrum?

    <p>White light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why your hair stands on end when you comb it with a plastic comb?

    <p>Friction causes electrons to be transferred from your hair to the comb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an object that has more electrons than protons?

    <p>Negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two objects with the same charge interact?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you rub a balloon on your hair?

    <p>Electrons transfer from your hair to the balloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the resistance against the movement of an object resulting from its contact with another object?

    <p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing?

    <p>To safely discharge extra electrons from an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electric current?

    <p>The movement of electric charge through a closed, conducting circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a proton?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object loses electrons?

    <p>It becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of resistors in a circuit?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into other forms of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of friction between two surfaces?

    <p>Electrons are transferred from one surface to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conductor?

    <p>A material that allows the flow of electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To open or close the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the load in a circuit?

    <p>To use the electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is delocalized electrons?

    <p>Electrons that are free to move within a metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Van de Graaff generator used for?

    <p>To generate a large electric charge on a metal dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electroscope?

    <p>To detect the presence and type of charge on an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To control the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>Components are connected end-to-end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a circuit is open?

    <p>The current does not flow and the light bulb does not light up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow within a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for a cell in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A pair of parallel lines, one longer and one shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a wire in a circuit?

    <p>To conduct the current between the battery, switch, and light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a component fails in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current can still flow through the other paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To protect the circuit from overheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for an electric circuit?

    <p>The electrical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current flowing through a resistor?

    <p>It generates heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a circuit that has a complete electrical connection around which current flows?

    <p>Closed circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery in a circuit?

    <p>To provide a higher voltage or increased capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which electric current causes chemical reactions in solutions?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a circuit breaker in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To stop the current flow during overloads or short circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a light bulb in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with a cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an electric current flowing through a wire coil around an iron core?

    <p>It creates a magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which electric current produces heat?

    <p>Heating effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To open or close the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temporary magnets made by winding a wire around an iron core and passing a current through the wire?

    <p>Electromagnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>Components are connected across common points or junctions, creating multiple paths for the current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and branch currents in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The total current is equal to the sum of the branch currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of LEDs?

    <p>They produce very little heat compared to incandescent bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transfer process in an incandescent light bulb?

    <p>Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of energy transfer diagrams?

    <p>To compare the energy outputs of different devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an output device?

    <p>LED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using LEDs over incandescent bulbs?

    <p>They are more energy-efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current when more cells are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using parallel circuits?

    <p>They create multiple paths for the current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the prism effect?

    <p>Different wavelengths of light bend by different amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest wavelength of light in the visible spectrum?

    <p>Red light (~700 nanometers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of light?

    <p>The number of waves that pass a point in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural light on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic wave is used in medical imaging?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for objects that emit light?

    <p>Luminous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose?

    <p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light travel through space?

    <p>In straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the prism in the activity?

    <p>To separate white light into its component colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye?

    <p>Visible Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic wave is felt as heat?

    <p>Infrared light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light passes through a prism?

    <p>It is dispersed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entire range of electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light?

    <p>300,000 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a pinhole in a pinhole camera?

    <p>To allow light to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a luminous object?

    <p>A Light Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of energy through space as electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a pinhole camera?

    <p>To demonstrate how light travels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electroplating?

    <p>To improve the appearance, durability, and resistance to corrosion of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>The current has only one pathway through which it can flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device used to measure the electric current in a circuit?

    <p>Ammeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when more resistors are added in series?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more cells in series?

    <p>The total voltage increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of electron movement in a conductor?

    <p>Electrons move freely within the metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for an ammeter in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A circle with the letter 'A' inside it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>There is more than one pathway for the electric current to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the electric current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it hits an opaque substance?

    <p>It is reflected or absorbed by the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a transparent substance?

    <p>Clear glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sundial?

    <p>To tell time using shadows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances that transmit some light but not enough to see through clearly?

    <p>Translucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when light hits a surface?

    <p>Reflection, absorption, or transmission occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an opaque substance?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are shadows created?

    <p>Because light travels in straight lines and cannot pass through opaque objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of light passing through a material?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a material takes in light energy?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does a red filter transmit?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the colors of light that are not reflected by an object?

    <p>They are absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between the incident ray and the normal line?

    <p>Angle of incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do black surfaces tend to feel hotter than white surfaces in sunlight?

    <p>Because they absorb more light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of reflection?

    <p>The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing white clothes on a sunny day?

    <p>To reflect more light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the normal line in understanding reflection?

    <p>To draw an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surface produces a clear and focused image?

    <p>Smooth surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which light bounces off a surface?

    <p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cornea in the eye?

    <p>To focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are solar panels usually black?

    <p>Because they absorb more light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ray of light that strikes a surface?

    <p>Incident Ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the light-sensitive layer of tissue lining the back of the eyeball?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it hits an object?

    <p>Certain wavelengths are absorbed, and others are reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mirror?

    <p>To reflect light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of terrestrial planets?

    <p>They have solid, rocky surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

    <p>Rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence?

    <p>Normal Line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carries electrical impulses from the eye to the brain?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of asteroids?

    <p>To act as small, rocky objects in the asteroid belt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the process of vision?

    <p>Brain interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of Earth's position in the solar system?

    <p>It supports life due to its distance from the Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dwarf planet?

    <p>A planet that is unable to clear its orbit of other debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of gas giants?

    <p>They are much larger and mainly composed of gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interactive simulators and 3D environments in exploring the solar system?

    <p>To provide detailed views of celestial bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average distance between the Earth and the Sun?

    <p>Astronomical unit (AU).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit?

    <p>Kuiper Belt objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the planet known for its stunning ring system?

    <p>Saturn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a converging lens?

    <p>To bend light rays inward to a focal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the planet with the most moons in the solar system?

    <p>Jupiter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lens is used to correct near-sightedness?

    <p>Diverging lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Sun's surface temperature?

    <p>5500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by gravity?

    <p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of planet has a solid, rocky surface?

    <p>Terrestrial planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the brain interprets signals from the cone cells to perceive different colors?

    <p>Color Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun?

    <p>Solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cooler, dark area on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic activity?

    <p>Sunspot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun?

    <p>Solar wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iris in the eye?

    <p>To adjust pupil size based on light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why light bends when it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Because of the difference in optical density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the splitting of white light into its component colors?

    <p>Dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lens in the eye?

    <p>To focus light onto the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of refraction when light passes from a denser medium to a less dense medium?

    <p>The light bends away from the normal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of how much a medium slows down light?

    <p>Optical density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why a straw appears bent in a glass of water?

    <p>Because of the refraction of light as it passes from water to air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which light is focused or dispersed using refraction?

    <p>Lensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Earth?

    <p>15°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following planets is in the habitable zone of our solar system?

    <p>Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for the greenhouse effect on Earth?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an unchecked greenhouse effect on Earth?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated time when life on Earth began?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major spiral arms does the Milky Way galaxy have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central, spherical part of a galaxy?

    <p>Galaxy bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of galaxies in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arm of the galaxy that our Sun is situated in?

    <p>Orion Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed at which our Solar System travels around the galactic center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using mirrors in telescopes instead of lenses?

    <p>They are easier and cheaper to produce in large sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>It uses a 91-segment hexagonal primary mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the closest star to our Solar System?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Light Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of telescopes in astronomy?

    <p>To gather and magnify light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using light years, light hours, and light minutes to measure distances?

    <p>To simplify the measurement of vast distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of radio telescopes over optical telescopes?

    <p>They can be used in all weather conditions and during both day and night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nearest star to our solar system?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large group of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the closest star in the constellation Orion?

    <p>Bellatrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of space telescopes?

    <p>They can observe the whole sky and provide sharper images due to the absence of atmospheric distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the constellation that is easily visible from South Africa, even in urban areas?

    <p>The Southern Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the closest galactic neighbor to the Milky Way?

    <p>Andromeda Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a space telescope?

    <p>The Hubble Space Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope suffers from chromatic aberration?

    <p>Refracting Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between optical and radio telescopes?

    <p>The type of electromagnetic radiation they detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of the galaxy, appearing more orange due to older and cooler stars?

    <p>Galactic Bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of stars, gas, and dust coming in various shapes and sizes?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the free, open-source program that generates a realistic, real-time 3D simulation of the night sky?

    <p>Stellarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope collects and focuses light using a curved primary mirror?

    <p>Reflecting Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Karoo near Sutherland an ideal location for the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>Due to low light pollution, high elevation, and dry conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light Hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the Universe estimated to be?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MeerKAT array?

    <p>To detect radio waves from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters of the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stories and myths associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from an object one light year away?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Andromeda galaxy visible as when viewed with the naked eye?

    <p>A faint, distant smudge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring distances in light travel time?

    <p>To indicate how long the light from a source takes to reach us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the main mirror in a reflecting telescope that collects light from distant objects?

    <p>Primary Mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are telescopes important tools in astronomy?

    <p>They allow us to study distant objects in detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope is used to collect and study radio waves from space?

    <p>Radio Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it hits an opaque substance?

    <p>It is absorbed by the material and converted into heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a transparent substance?

    <p>It allows most of the light to pass through with little absorption or reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a translucent substance?

    <p>Frosted glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are shadows created?

    <p>Because light travels in straight lines and cannot pass through opaque objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which light passes through a material?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an opaque substance?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sundial?

    <p>To tell time using shadows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it hits a translucent substance?

    <p>It is scattered in different directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits an object?

    <p>The object can absorb some colors of light and reflect others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which light is bent as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a red filter?

    <p>To transmit only red light and absorb other colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of how much a medium can slow down light?

    <p>Optical density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

    <p>To focus light onto the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do black surfaces tend to feel hotter than white surfaces in the sun?

    <p>Because they absorb more light and convert it into heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a material takes in light energy?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are solar panels often black?

    <p>To absorb more light and convert it into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light as it passes from a less dense medium to a denser medium?

    <p>It slows down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation of light into its component colors?

    <p>Dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mirror?

    <p>To reflect light with minimal absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits a still lake?

    <p>It creates a mirror-like reflection of the surrounding scenery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the retina in the eye?

    <p>To convert light into electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the medium through which light travels?

    <p>Medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which light bounces off a surface?

    <p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it enters a different medium at an angle?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do black objects tend to appear black?

    <p>Because they absorb all colors of light and reflect none</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ray of light that strikes a surface?

    <p>Incident Ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light as it passes from air into a denser medium?

    <p>It slows down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a converging lens?

    <p>To bend light rays inward to a focal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun?

    <p>Solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs in the Sun where atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cooler, dark area on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic activity?

    <p>Sunspot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Sun's surface?

    <p>Dense gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a planet with a solid, rocky surface?

    <p>Terrestrial planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density within the fluid?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun?

    <p>Solar wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 11-year cycle of sunspot activity?

    <p>Solar cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of incidence in relation to the normal line?

    <p>The angle between the incident ray and the normal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary correction for near-sightedness?

    <p>Diverging lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the normal line in understanding reflection?

    <p>To draw a perpendicular line to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of reflection?

    <p>The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surface produces a clear and focused image when light reflects off it?

    <p>Smooth surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cornea in the eye?

    <p>To focus light entering the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

    <p>To detect light and convert it into electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it hits an object?

    <p>Certain wavelengths are absorbed and others are reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the optic nerve in the eye?

    <p>To transmit electrical impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the process of vision?

    <p>The brain interprets the electrical impulses as visual images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between rods and cones in the retina?

    <p>Rods are sensitive to light and dark changes and cones are sensitive to color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Venus is not habitable?

    <p>It has a strong greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of distances from the Sun where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface?

    <p>0.8 to 1.4 AU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three conditions necessary for life to exist on a planet?

    <p>Liquid water, moderate temperatures, and sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for the natural greenhouse effect on Earth?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the origin of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the galaxy that our solar system is a part of?

    <p>The Milky Way Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>A giant spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major spiral arms does the Milky Way Galaxy have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central, spherical part of a galaxy?

    <p>Galaxy bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flattened region of a galaxy containing most of its stars, dust, and gas?

    <p>Galaxy disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why planets and other objects stay in orbit around the Sun?

    <p>The Sun's powerful gravitational pull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes terrestrial planets from gas giants?

    <p>Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of celestial object is primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter?

    <p>Asteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of Earth's atmosphere that supports life?

    <p>Abundant oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region around a star where conditions are suitable for liquid water to exist?

    <p>Habitable zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planet is known for its stunning ring system?

    <p>Saturn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest planet in our solar system?

    <p>Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average distance between the Earth and the Sun?

    <p>Astronomical unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of dwarf planets?

    <p>They are smaller than planets and cannot clear their orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interactive simulators and 3D environments in exploring the solar system?

    <p>To provide detailed views of celestial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light Hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest group of galaxies that can be found in the universe?

    <p>Supercluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>1.3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, and Earth?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structure of the universe that resembles a sponge-like pattern?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Milky Way's shape when viewed from the side?

    <p>A giant fried egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the universe in billions of years?

    <p>13.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate speed of the Sun as it revolves around the galaxy's center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far can light travel in one second?

    <p>around the Earth 7.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars that form a recognizable pattern in the night sky?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the observable universe in billions of light years?

    <p>93</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of the galaxy?

    <p>Galactic Bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from an object one light year away?

    <p>one year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe that is composed of galaxy clusters?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using mirrors in telescopes over lenses?

    <p>They do not suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average size of the Milky Way galaxy in light years?

    <p>100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using units based on the speed of light?

    <p>to simplify the measurement of vast distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the location of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>It is located in an area with low light pollution, high elevation, and dry conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the star system that includes Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Alpha Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the empty regions of space between galaxy clusters?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radio telescopes?

    <p>To observe radio waves from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the closest galactic neighbor to the Milky Way?

    <p>Andromeda Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of space telescopes?

    <p>They can observe the whole sky and provide sharper images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of galaxy that the Milky Way belongs to?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the regions in the galaxy filled with dust, gas, and hot young stars?

    <p>Galactic Disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a space telescope?

    <p>The Hubble Space Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many globular clusters are estimated to be in the Milky Way?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of telescopes in astronomy?

    <p>To analyze the light and electromagnetic radiation from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building a simple refracting telescope?

    <p>To explore how lenses work to collect and focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to identify constellations and celestial objects visible from a location?

    <p>Stellarium or other tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aberration do refracting telescopes suffer from?

    <p>Chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of placing telescopes in space?

    <p>They can observe electromagnetic radiation blocked by Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope?

    <p>The use of lenses versus mirrors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a traditional African starlore activity?

    <p>Researching stories associated with constellations visible in the southern sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Stellarium in traditional African starlore research?

    <p>To simulate the night sky and locate constellations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using reflecting telescopes over refracting telescopes?

    <p>Reflecting telescopes do not suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer?

    <p>Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the constellation Orion, which star is the closest to Earth?

    <p>Bellatrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits an object?

    <p>The object absorbs some colors of light and reflects others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a red filter?

    <p>To absorb all colors of light except red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do black surfaces become hotter than lighter surfaces when exposed to sunlight?

    <p>Because they absorb all colors of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between the incident ray and the normal line?

    <p>Angle of Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing white clothes on a sunny day?

    <p>To stay cooler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are solar panels usually black?

    <p>Because they absorb more light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the normal line in understanding reflection?

    <p>To measure the angle of incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits a mirror?

    <p>It reflects all colors of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surface reflects light uniformly?

    <p>Smooth Surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits an opaque surface?

    <p>It is absorbed and converted into heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a material takes in light energy?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil?

    <p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the light-sensitive layer of tissue lining the back of the eyeball?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ladybirds appear red?

    <p>Because they absorb all colors of light except red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of transparent substances?

    <p>They transmit most of the light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a whiteboard?

    <p>To reflect most of the light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

    <p>To detect light and dark changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a translucent substance?

    <p>Frosted glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

    <p>To transmit electrical impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sundial?

    <p>To tell time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits a blackboard?

    <p>It absorbs most of the light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light hits an object?

    <p>Certain wavelengths are absorbed, and others are reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an opaque object blocks the path of light?

    <p>It creates a shadow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which we see?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which light passes through a material?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the storage form of glucose in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is opaque?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances that allow some light to pass through, but not enough to see objects clearly?

    <p>Translucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the brain interprets signals from the cone cells to perceive different colors?

    <p>Color Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lens in the eye?

    <p>To focus light onto the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light enters a different medium at an angle?

    <p>It changes direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does light refract when it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Because it changes speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Optical Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of refraction when white light passes through a prism?

    <p>The light is split into its component colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the optic nerve in the eye?

    <p>To transmit signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon that occurs when a straw appears bent in a glass of water?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lenses in optics?

    <p>To focus or disperse light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a converging lens?

    <p>Bends light rays inward to a focal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun?

    <p>Solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium in the Sun?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cooler, dark areas on the Sun's surface?

    <p>Sunspots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a filter or a pinhole projector when observing the Sun?

    <p>To reduce the intensity of the Sun's light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the largest planet in our solar system made mostly of gases with a small rocky core?

    <p>Gas giant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the Sun's surface, by percentage?

    <p>Hydrogen (about 71%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density within the fluid?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy generated in the core of the Sun that takes 17,000 to 100,000 years to reach the surface?

    <p>Energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cycle of sunspots that varies in an 11-year period?

    <p>Solar cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Venus?

    <p>464°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Earth's location within the habitable zone important for life?

    <p>It ensures moderate temperatures for liquid water to exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the greenhouse effect on Earth?

    <p>To trap heat and keep the planet warm enough to support life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of terrestrial planets?

    <p>Solid, rocky surfaces with metallic cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist?

    <p>Habitable zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interactive simulators and 3D environments in exploring the solar system?

    <p>To provide detailed views of celestial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major spiral arms does the Milky Way Galaxy have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a galaxy cluster?

    <p>A large group of galaxies bound by gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an unchecked greenhouse effect on a planet?

    <p>It results in extreme heat, making the planet inhospitable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest planet in our solar system?

    <p>Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sunlight in supporting life on Earth?

    <p>To enable photosynthesis, which is essential for plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of galaxies in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for small, rocky objects primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter?

    <p>Asteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do elliptical galaxies range from?

    <p>Nearly spherical to elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three conditions necessary for life to exist on a planet?

    <p>Sunlight, moderate temperatures, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of Venus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the gas giants in our solar system?

    <p>They are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Local Group a part of?

    <p>The Virgo Supercluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Mars unable to support liquid water?

    <p>It is too far from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the Universe on the largest scales?

    <p>A sponge-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average distance between the Earth and the Sun?

    <p>Astronomical unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Neptune?

    <p>It is known for its intense storms and strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a constellation?

    <p>A group of stars forming a recognizable pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of Earth in the solar system?

    <p>Third planet from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for stories and traditions associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the prominent constellation visible from South Africa?

    <p>Southern Cross (Crux)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do early cultures group stars into patterns?

    <p>To mark the passage of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance between the Sun and Earth?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed at which the Solar System travels around the galactic center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of the galaxy?

    <p>Galactic Bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the constellation that is easily visible from South Africa?

    <p>Southern Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the star that is part of the Alpha Centauri system and is the closest to our Solar System?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance between Proxima Centauri and Earth?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of distance used to measure distances between stars and galaxies?

    <p>Light Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arm of the galaxy in which our Sun is situated?

    <p>Orion Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs of hundreds of thousands of ancient stars?

    <p>Globular Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between the Earth and the Moon in terms of light travel time?

    <p>1.3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from Proxima Centauri to the Earth?

    <p>4.24 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using mirrors in telescopes?

    <p>They do not suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of distance used to measure distances within the solar system?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) located?

    <p>In the Karoo near Sutherland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How fast does light travel?

    <p>Very fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light Hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic radiation is blocked by Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>X-rays, ultraviolet, and infrared light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using radio telescopes?

    <p>They can be used in all weather conditions and during both day and night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MeerKAT array?

    <p>A radio telescope array in the Northern Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hubble Space Telescope known for?

    <p>Its detailed images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of space telescopes?

    <p>They can observe the whole sky and provide sharper images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why stars appear to be in patterns in the night sky?

    <p>The stars are at vastly different distances from Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mirror of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) made up of?

    <p>A 91-segment hexagonal mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of traditional African starlore?

    <p>To tell stories about the stars and constellations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Stellarium in the research activity?

    <p>It generates a realistic, real-time 3D simulation of the night sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer?

    <p>Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with refracting telescopes?

    <p>They suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope is used to collect radio waves?

    <p>Radio telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of telescopes in astronomy?

    <p>To gather and magnify light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the night sky and the stars and constellations within it?

    <p>Astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance between the Earth and the Andromeda galaxy?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a space telescope?

    <p>It is placed in space to collect various types of electromagnetic radiation blocked by Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

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