Untitled Quiz

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Why is gas exchange more efficient in smaller organisms?

Because they have a higher concentration of oxygen in their bodies

Because they have a lower concentration of carbon dioxide in their bodies

Because they have a faster heart rate

Because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio (correct)

What is the function of the structure X in the respiratory tract?

To trap microorganisms

To sweep dust particles towards the pharynx

To trap large dust particles (correct)

To sweep mucus towards the pharynx

What is the direction of oxygen diffusion during gas exchange in air sacs?

From the lungs to the air sacs

From the air in the air sacs to the blood in capillaries (correct)

From the air sacs to the lungs

From the blood in capillaries to the air in the air sacs

Which part of the respiratory tract is not supported by cartilage?

Bronchiole Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide during gas exchange in air sacs?

It diffuses from the blood in capillaries to the air in the air sacs Signup and view all the answers

Why is air inhaled through the nose cleaner than air inhaled through the mouth?

Because the nose has a filter that traps dust particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of haemoglobin in gas exchange?

To transport oxygen from the air sacs to the body tissues Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange take place in the body?

In the air sacs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary veins in the process of gas exchange?

To transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxygen in the air sac during the process of gas exchange?

It diffuses into the water film and then into the red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of haemoglobin in the process of gas exchange?

To bind to oxygen in the red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of oxygen diffusing into the red blood cells?

The blood becomes oxygenated Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of carbon dioxide transport during gas exchange?

From the blood to the air sac Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide in body tissues where its concentration is high?

It diffuses into red blood cells and reacts with water to form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of gas exchange between the air sac and the capillary?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ventilation in the respiratory process?

To maintain a steep concentration gradient between air sacs and blood in surrounding capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of carbon dioxide diffusing out of the blood?

The blood becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrogencarbonate ions in the air sacs?

They diffuse into red blood cells and react with hydrogen ions to form carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of events during the process of gas exchange?

Inhalation, oxygen diffusion, carbon dioxide diffusion, exhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the respiratory process?

They contract to move the rib cage upwards and outwards, allowing inhalation to occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of bringing air into the lungs?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the rapid transport of respiratory gases by blood?

A steep concentration gradient between air sacs and blood in surrounding capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?

To form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flow of air into and out of the lungs?

Ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Gas exchange across the body surface is more efficient in smaller organisms than in larger organisms.
Air inhaled through the nose is cleaner than air inhaled through the mouth.

Inner Wall of the Trachea

Structure X (not specified) traps large dust particles, microorganisms, and sweeps dust particles towards the pharynx.

Gas Exchange in Air Sacs

Gas exchange takes place in air sacs where oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood in capillaries, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.
In body tissues with high carbon dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells, reacts with water to form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
Hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse out of red blood cells and are carried by plasma to the air sacs.
In air sacs with low carbon dioxide concentration, hydrogencarbonate ions in plasma diffuse into red blood cells, reacting with hydrogen ions to form carbon dioxide and water.

Ventilation

Ventilation is the flow of air into and out of the lungs, helping maintain a steep concentration gradient between air sacs and the blood in surrounding capillaries.
Ventilation is brought about by breathing actions, including inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation.
Inhalation causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, bringing air into the lungs.
Mechanism of inhalation: intercostal muscles contract, causing the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, and air is inhaled into the lungs.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.