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Questions and Answers

Why is gas exchange more efficient in smaller organisms?

  • Because they have a higher concentration of oxygen in their bodies
  • Because they have a lower concentration of carbon dioxide in their bodies
  • Because they have a faster heart rate
  • Because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio (correct)
  • What is the function of the structure X in the respiratory tract?

  • To trap microorganisms
  • To sweep dust particles towards the pharynx
  • To trap large dust particles (correct)
  • To sweep mucus towards the pharynx
  • What is the direction of oxygen diffusion during gas exchange in air sacs?

  • From the lungs to the air sacs
  • From the air in the air sacs to the blood in capillaries (correct)
  • From the air sacs to the lungs
  • From the blood in capillaries to the air in the air sacs
  • Which part of the respiratory tract is not supported by cartilage?

    <p>Bronchiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbon dioxide during gas exchange in air sacs?

    <p>It diffuses from the blood in capillaries to the air in the air sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is air inhaled through the nose cleaner than air inhaled through the mouth?

    <p>Because the nose has a filter that traps dust particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of haemoglobin in gas exchange?

    <p>To transport oxygen from the air sacs to the body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gas exchange take place in the body?

    <p>In the air sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pulmonary veins in the process of gas exchange?

    <p>To transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxygen in the air sac during the process of gas exchange?

    <p>It diffuses into the water film and then into the red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of haemoglobin in the process of gas exchange?

    <p>To bind to oxygen in the red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxygen diffusing into the red blood cells?

    <p>The blood becomes oxygenated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of carbon dioxide transport during gas exchange?

    <p>From the blood to the air sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbon dioxide in body tissues where its concentration is high?

    <p>It diffuses into red blood cells and reacts with water to form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of gas exchange between the air sac and the capillary?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ventilation in the respiratory process?

    <p>To maintain a steep concentration gradient between air sacs and blood in surrounding capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of carbon dioxide diffusing out of the blood?

    <p>The blood becomes more acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hydrogencarbonate ions in the air sacs?

    <p>They diffuse into red blood cells and react with hydrogen ions to form carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of events during the process of gas exchange?

    <p>Inhalation, oxygen diffusion, carbon dioxide diffusion, exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the respiratory process?

    <p>They contract to move the rib cage upwards and outwards, allowing inhalation to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of bringing air into the lungs?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the rapid transport of respiratory gases by blood?

    <p>A steep concentration gradient between air sacs and blood in surrounding capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?

    <p>To form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of air into and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Gas exchange across the body surface is more efficient in smaller organisms than in larger organisms.
    • Air inhaled through the nose is cleaner than air inhaled through the mouth.

    Inner Wall of the Trachea

    • Structure X (not specified) traps large dust particles, microorganisms, and sweeps dust particles towards the pharynx.

    Gas Exchange in Air Sacs

    • Gas exchange takes place in air sacs where oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood in capillaries, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.
    • In body tissues with high carbon dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells, reacts with water to form hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
    • Hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse out of red blood cells and are carried by plasma to the air sacs.
    • In air sacs with low carbon dioxide concentration, hydrogencarbonate ions in plasma diffuse into red blood cells, reacting with hydrogen ions to form carbon dioxide and water.

    Ventilation

    • Ventilation is the flow of air into and out of the lungs, helping maintain a steep concentration gradient between air sacs and the blood in surrounding capillaries.
    • Ventilation is brought about by breathing actions, including inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation.
    • Inhalation causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, bringing air into the lungs.
    • Mechanism of inhalation: intercostal muscles contract, causing the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, and air is inhaled into the lungs.

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