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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Caregiver Assistance Scale of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)?

To examine participation within the context of an identified goal

To measure participation related to mobility, self-care, and social function in the school environment

To assess preferences for involvement in activities

To measure participation related to mobility, self-care, and social function in the home environment (correct)

What is the age range for the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC)?

4-12 years old

6-21 years old (correct)

5-15 years old

10-18 years old

What is the primary benefit of using an ecologic assessment to examine participation?

It provides a comprehensive overview of a child's participation across all environments

It allows for the creation of a systematic chart format to analyze tasks

It allows for a more quantitative approach to participation measurement

It helps identify specific challenges in a task or environment (correct)

According to the provided text, what is the key factor in participation?

Participation is key Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the School Function Assessment (SFA)?

To measure participation, activities, and necessary task supports in the school environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a systematic chart format to analyze a task in an ecologic assessment?

It helps to examine the task in a more organized and structured way Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a 5-point MMT scale in infants?

To observe movements and obtain a baseline of muscle function Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between community ambulation and household ambulation?

The level of independence in outdoor mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of using a goniometer?

To measure range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sensation testing in a dermatomal pattern?

To test sharp and dull sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of functional mobility and endurance testing?

To evaluate functional abilities in daily activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between non-ambulation and non-functional ambulation?

The setting in which walking occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of adapting the car seat to promote symmetry?

To minimize time in the car seat and infant carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of daily tummy time to promote symmetry?

At least one cumulative hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the parent and caregiver education component of the intervention?

Integrated into infant's daily routines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of manual stretching of tight musculature in the PT intervention for decreased cervical rotation?

To promote active cervical rotation toward the nonpreferred side Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intervention for brachycephaly?

Increase prone positioning to relieve pressure on the occiput Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the PT intervention for positional preference and/or trunk asymmetry?

Active movement and strengthening opposite of preferred side or asymmetry Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for monitoring adherence to the home exercise program?

Verbal report and parent demo Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of increasing prone positioning in infants with developmental delay?

To facilitate equal use of all extremities and head turning to both directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Goal Focused Ecological Assessment in Pediatric PT?

Assessing a child's participation in natural environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of organizing tests and measures by the domains of the ICF Model?

It allows for more comprehensive and focused evaluations Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to examine a child's participation within the context of a specific goal?

To address participation deficits or needs within a specific context Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of episodic examinations in pediatric PT?

To address participation deficits or needs within a specific context Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when writing goals for functional improvement in pediatric PT?

Child and family values, points of view, and preferences for daily activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using an enablement model for children with disabilities?

It supports generalization of skills to natural environments Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to examine a child's participation in multiple environments?

Because children function in multiple environments and may have different needs in each Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the ICF Model?

Assessing a child's participation in daily activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 'Standing program prior to or at cessation of ambulation' intervention?

To maintain or improve mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is specifically designed to address respiratory insufficiency?

Cough assist/BiPAP Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the '8 standard steps' in the provided scale?

It is a benchmark for assessing mobility and climbing speed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an environmental modification?

Ramps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Body Functions and Body Structures' category?

Targeting specific body functions and structures through various interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an assistive technology?

Onscreen keyboard dictation programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'In WC' category in the provided scale?

It measures an individual's ability to perform bed and wheelchair ADLs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is specifically designed to address feeding difficulties?

Mobile arm support Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Adaptations

Alternating position in crib and changing table to promote head turn in desired direction
Adapting car seat to promote symmetry and minimize time in car seat and infant carrier
Placing toys on affected side to encourage infant to turn head toward tighter side
Integrating adaptations into infant's daily routines, such as tummy time, positioning, and handling for symmetry
Minimizing time in equipment and alternating feeding sides to promote symmetry

Intervention: Key Interventions for CMT

Decreased cervical rotation: manual stretching, active cervical rotation, strengthening of cervical musculature, and passive positioning to stretch tight tissues
Head tilt: manual stretching, active cervical lateral flexion, strengthening of cervical musculature, and passive positioning to stretch tight tissues
Positional preference and/or trunk asymmetry: active movement and strengthening opposite of preferred side or asymmetry
Prone position intolerance: increasing use of prone positioning to strengthen capital muscles and facilitate symmetrical trunk and head alignment
Asymmetrical postures: active movement and strengthening opposite of the asymmetry
Developmental delay: facilitating equal use of all extremities and head turning to both directions during daily activities and play

Intervention: Key Interventions for CD

Brachycephaly: increasing prone positioning to relieve pressure on occiput to allow for reshaping

Participation and Ecological Assessment

Participation is key to rehabilitation
Using participation tests and measures for recreation and leisure activities, and functional tasks
Challenges are best addressed via examination of both task and environment where task occurs
Ecologic assessment: a helpful way to examine participation within context of an identified goal
Using a systematic chart format to analyze task and environment

Organizing Pediatric Tests and Measures

Organizing tests and measures by domains of the ICF Model can assist with ease of use, comprehensive evaluations, goal writing, and tracking progress

Goal Focused Ecological Assessment

Focuses on ICF's Participation tests and measures: participation in natural environments
Episodic examination: addressing participation deficits or needs within a specific context
An ecologic assessment: examining participation within context of an identified goal

Examination and Assessment

Family and child goals of participation: using Participation Tests and Measures
Assessing range of motion, manual muscle testing, spasticity, sensation, proprioception, standing and seated posture and alignment, and balance
Assessing functional mobility, endurance, gait, and activity limitations

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