26 Questions
What is a primary purpose of interlocking doors in machine safety?
To prevent physical access to moving parts
What is a potential consequence of electrical faults in a workplace?
Fire or explosion
What is the primary purpose of intrinsically safe electrical devices?
To limit electrical energy to prevent ignition
What is a common effect of electrical shock?
Burns and shocks
What is a necessary component of machine safety protocols?
All of the above
What is a benefit of conducting a risk assessment on handling equipment/machinery?
To identify potential hazards
What is a critical component of electrical safety protocols?
All of the above
What is a potential source of ignition in a flammable atmosphere?
Static electricity
What is the purpose of ensuring everything is okay before powering up a circuit?
To prevent electrical shock
What type of hazard can cause harm to the musculoskeletal system?
Ergonomic hazard
What is an example of a task that can contribute to poor posture?
All of the above
What is a common contributing factor to slip, trip, and fall hazards?
All of the above
What defines a confined space?
An enclosed or partially enclosed space with limited openings
What is an example of a hazard due to processes/environment?
All of the above
What is a potential hazard in a confined space?
Flammable vapours or dusts
What is a common hazard in the processing industry?
Confined space
What can contribute to the accumulation of flammable or toxic vapours in a confined space?
Unfavourable natural ventilation
What is a safety precaution to prevent electrical hazards?
Verifying the circuit before powering up
What is one of the major contributors to electrical hazards?
Damaged tools and equipment
What is the effect of a 10-24 mA electrical current on the human body?
Muscles can contract and cause one to 'freeze'
What is an essential step in electrical safety protocols?
Checking power cords for signs of damage
What is the minimum current required to cause ventricular fibrillation?
75 mA
What is a sign of electrical shock when the current is above 300 mA?
Severe burns to skin, limbs, and internal organs
What is a key principle of electrical safety?
Using only electrical instruments, appliances, and tools that are safety approved
What is a major contributor to electrical hazards in the workplace?
Inadequate wiring and overloaded circuits
What is the effect of a 1 mA electrical current on the human body?
Slight tingling sensation
Study Notes
Electrical Hazards
- Major contributors of electrical hazards include:
- Damaged tools and equipment with exposed electrical parts or worn-out cables
- Inadequate wiring and overloaded circuits
- Improper grounding
- Operating electrical equipment in wet conditions
- Effects of electrical current on the human body:
- 1 mA: Slight tingling sensation
- 2-9 mA: Small shock
- 10-24 mA: Muscles can contract, causing freezing, and burns at the point of contact
- 25-74 mA: Respiratory muscles paralyzed, burns at entry and exit points
- 75-300 mA: Ventricular fibrillation, shock usually fatal
- >300 mA: Death, with severe burns to skin, limbs, and internal organs
- Electrical Safety measures:
- Use only safety-approved electrical instruments, appliances, and tools
- Check power cords for damage, rectify loose connections, and replace damaged ones
- Never handle electrical equipment with damp or wet hands
- Connect electrical circuits to the power supply last
Mechanical Hazards
- Basic checklist for machine safety:
- Conduct risk assessment on handling equipment/machinery
- Develop Safe Work Procedure (SWP) for operating the machine
- Ensure appropriate personal protective equipment is worn
- Ensure worker is adequately trained and competent in operating the machine
- Ensure worker is familiar with the emergency response procedure
- Ensure machine safety devices are functioning properly (e.g., machine guards, interlocking door)
Ergonomic Hazards
- A physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system
- Examples of ergonomic hazards include:
- Improper manual handling
- Lifting/lowering
- Pushing/pulling
- Twisting
- Poor posture
- Repetitive motion
Hazards Due to Processes/Environment
- Examples of hazards due to processes/environment include:
- Slip, trip, and fall
- Confined space
- Work at height
- Poor housekeeping
- Inappropriate machine guarding
- Slip, trip, and fall hazards:
- Slip: Wet and slippery floors
- Trip: Uncovered cables, protruding equipment parts, uneven steps
- Other contributing factors: Poor lighting, poor housekeeping, no guardrails/handrails on staircases
Confined Space
- Definition: Any enclosed or partially enclosed space with limited openings, unfavourable natural ventilation, or containing potentially dangerous air contaminants
- Characteristics of confined spaces:
- Not intended for normal occupancy
- Permits accumulation of flammable or toxic vapours or dusts or oxygen-deficient atmosphere
- Examples of confined spaces in the processing industry:
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