Understanding Gears in Cars
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of gears in a car?

  • To slow down the car
  • To increase the torque produced by the engine (correct)
  • To increase the speed of the car
  • To change the direction of the car

    • What happens when the driver steps on the brake pedal?

  • The gears in the car change
  • The car starts moving faster
  • The car slows down (correct)
  • The engine stops working

    • What type of fuel do some car engines use instead of gasoline?

  • Gasoline
  • Coal
  • Steam
  • Diesel (correct)

    • What is required to accelerate along a road or drive up a steep hill?

    <p>More torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do diesel engines ignite the fuel and air mixture inside the cylinders?

    <p>Through spontaneous combustion when squeezed by the piston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the low gear in a car?

    <p>To get a car moving or to climb a steep hill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the brake pads slow down the car?

    <p>By rubbing against the brake disk on the wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

    <p>They can travel a greater distance per gallon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gear would you use to cruise along a highway?

    <p>High gear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

    <p>They produce more harmful emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the first self-propelled road vehicle?

    <p>Nicolas Cugnot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main issue with steam-powered carriages in the 1800s?

    <p>They were heavy and slow, and choked the air with black smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engine was invented by Etienne Lenoir in 1869?

    <p>Internal combustion engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Combustion' mean in relation to engines?

    <p>Burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed a more efficient internal combustion engine?

    <p>Nikolaus Otto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cylinders in an internal combustion engine?

    <p>To unlock energy from gasoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a V-shape arrangement for the cylinders in a car engine?

    <p>It makes the engine more compact and well-balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cylinders can a car engine have?

    <p>Up to 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where the piston moves four times for each explosion?

    <p>Four-stroke cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spark plug in an internal combustion engine?

    <p>To ignite the fuel-air mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the fuel-air mixture explodes in the cylinder?

    <p>The piston moves up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a turbocharger in a car engine?

    <p>To squeeze more air into the cylinders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the car that was powered by a single cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine?

    <p>Benz Patent-Motorwagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the turning force of the wheels?

    <p>Torque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

    <p>They can travel a greater distance for the same amount of fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main issue with steam-powered carriages in the 1800s?

    <p>They choked the air with black smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the internal combustion engine?

    <p>Etienne Lenoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

    <p>They produce more harmful emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the car that can travel 44.1 miles per gallon?

    <p>Porsche Panamera Diesel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a low gear when driving a car?

    <p>To increase the torque of the car</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cars need to use gears?

    <p>To increase the torque that is produced by the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the brake pads clamp hard against the brake disk?

    <p>The wheel starts moving slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fluid in the brake pipes?

    <p>To transmit the force of the foot to the brake pads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cars need to use a high gear when cruising along a highway?

    <p>To increase the speed of the car</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with inventing the first practical motorized vehicle?

    <p>Karl Benz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?

    <p>To convert the up-and-down movement of the pistons into the turning force of the wheels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a V-shape arrangement for the cylinders in a car engine?

    <p>It makes the engine more compact and well balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a supercharger or turbocharger in a car engine?

    <p>To increase the power of the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fuel-air mixture exploding in the cylinder?

    <p>The piston moves down the cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diesel Power

    • Diesel engines do not need spark plugs to ignite the fuel and air inside the cylinders.
    • Instead, the fuel and air explode spontaneously when the piston squeezes the mixture during the compression stroke.
    • Diesel contains more energy than gasoline, so diesel cars can travel a greater distance for the same amount of fuel.
    • The Porsche Panamera Diesel can travel 44.1 miles (71 km) per gallon.

    History of Engines

    • In the 1700s, engineers in Britain harnessed the power of steam to turn the wheels of steam locomotives.
    • Nicolas Cugnot used a steam engine to power a tractor in 1769, the first self-propelled road vehicle.
    • Etienne Lenoir invented the first internal combustion engine in 1869, which burned coal gas inside a metal engine.
    • Nikolaus Otto designed a more efficient internal combustion engine that burned gasoline instead of coal gas.
    • Otto's engine design is the basis for almost all modern automobile engines.

    Internal Combustion Engine

    • An internal combustion engine converts the energy locked away inside gasoline into the movement of the car's wheels.
    • The engine unlocks this energy by burning the gasoline inside small metal chambers called cylinders.
    • The cylinders are tubes cut into a lump of metal called the cylinder block.
    • A car engine can have up to 16 cylinders in the cylinder block.

    4-Stroke Cycle

    • The 4-stroke cycle includes:
      • Intake: the piston moves down, the cylinder takes in air, and the fuel injector squirts a tiny amount of gas into the cylinder.
      • Compression: the piston moves up, squeezing the fuel-air mixture together.
      • Explosion: a spark from the spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture, driving the piston back down the cylinder.
      • Exhaust: the piston moves back up, forcing burned gases into the car's exhaust system.

    Engine Power

    • German engineer Karl Benz made the first practical motorized vehicle in 1886, powered by a single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine.
    • Modern automobiles are more powerful, with larger engines and more cylinders to burn more gasoline.
    • The cylinders in a car engine can be arranged in a straight line or in rows to make a V-shape.
    • High-performance cars often have special boosters that squeeze more air into the cylinders, resulting in more powerful explosions and faster speeds.

    Gears

    • The crankshaft converts the up-and-down movement of the pistons into the turning force of the wheels, called torque.
    • Cars use gears to increase the torque that is produced by the engine.
    • The gears in a car are metal cogs of different sizes that line up inside the gearbox.
    • Low gear is used to get a car moving or to climb a steep hill, with lots of torque.
    • High gear is used to cruise along a highway, with less torque.

    Braking

    • Cars need a way to slow down as well as speed up.
    • To slow down, the driver pushes their foot down on the brake pedal.
    • The brake pedal is connected to the brakes on each wheel via fluid-filled pipes.
    • The force of the foot is transmitted through the fluid in the brake pipes to brake pads at each wheel.
    • The pads clamp hard against the brake disk on the wheel, slowing the wheel and reducing the speed of the car.

    Diesel Power

    • Diesel engines do not need spark plugs to ignite the fuel and air inside the cylinders.
    • Instead, the fuel and air explode spontaneously when the piston squeezes the mixture during the compression stroke.
    • Diesel contains more energy than gasoline, so diesel cars can travel a greater distance for the same amount of fuel.
    • The Porsche Panamera Diesel can travel 44.1 miles (71 km) per gallon.

    History of Engines

    • In the 1700s, engineers in Britain harnessed the power of steam to turn the wheels of steam locomotives.
    • Nicolas Cugnot used a steam engine to power a tractor in 1769, the first self-propelled road vehicle.
    • Etienne Lenoir invented the first internal combustion engine in 1869, which burned coal gas inside a metal engine.
    • Nikolaus Otto designed a more efficient internal combustion engine that burned gasoline instead of coal gas.
    • Otto's engine design is the basis for almost all modern automobile engines.

    Internal Combustion Engine

    • An internal combustion engine converts the energy locked away inside gasoline into the movement of the car's wheels.
    • The engine unlocks this energy by burning the gasoline inside small metal chambers called cylinders.
    • The cylinders are tubes cut into a lump of metal called the cylinder block.
    • A car engine can have up to 16 cylinders in the cylinder block.

    4-Stroke Cycle

    • The 4-stroke cycle includes:
      • Intake: the piston moves down, the cylinder takes in air, and the fuel injector squirts a tiny amount of gas into the cylinder.
      • Compression: the piston moves up, squeezing the fuel-air mixture together.
      • Explosion: a spark from the spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture, driving the piston back down the cylinder.
      • Exhaust: the piston moves back up, forcing burned gases into the car's exhaust system.

    Engine Power

    • German engineer Karl Benz made the first practical motorized vehicle in 1886, powered by a single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine.
    • Modern automobiles are more powerful, with larger engines and more cylinders to burn more gasoline.
    • The cylinders in a car engine can be arranged in a straight line or in rows to make a V-shape.
    • High-performance cars often have special boosters that squeeze more air into the cylinders, resulting in more powerful explosions and faster speeds.

    Gears

    • The crankshaft converts the up-and-down movement of the pistons into the turning force of the wheels, called torque.
    • Cars use gears to increase the torque that is produced by the engine.
    • The gears in a car are metal cogs of different sizes that line up inside the gearbox.
    • Low gear is used to get a car moving or to climb a steep hill, with lots of torque.
    • High gear is used to cruise along a highway, with less torque.

    Braking

    • Cars need a way to slow down as well as speed up.
    • To slow down, the driver pushes their foot down on the brake pedal.
    • The brake pedal is connected to the brakes on each wheel via fluid-filled pipes.
    • The force of the foot is transmitted through the fluid in the brake pipes to brake pads at each wheel.
    • The pads clamp hard against the brake disk on the wheel, slowing the wheel and reducing the speed of the car.

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    Description

    Learn about how gears in a car work to increase torque, and how different gear sizes help handle various driving conditions. Discover the importance of low gear when getting a car moving or climbing steep hills.

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