Digestive & Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

  • To build structures such as cells, tissues, and organs
  • To aid in osmoregulation
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To provide energy for daily activities (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the body?

  • To build and repair structures in the body (correct)
  • To provide energy for daily activities
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To aid in osmoregulation

    • What is the term for smaller polymers of many sugar units?

  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides (correct)

    • What is the primary function of minerals and vitamins in the body?

    <p>To control essential chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we need fats in our diet?

    <p>For energy and organ protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of water in the body?

    <p>For hydration and osmoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrate contains many joined sugar units?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the salivary glands?

    <p>To produce saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland lies outside the oral cavity?

    <p>Parotid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arch that forms the boundary of the oral cavity?

    <p>Palatoglossal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tongue contains the vallate papilla?

    <p>Dorsum of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony structure that supports the tongue?

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tonsil is located on the back of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passageway that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins?

    <p>Amino Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a complex saccharide?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for producing bile that helps in fat digestion?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of macromolecule is composed of fatty acids and glycerol?

    <p>Triglyceride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces in the mouth?

    <p>Chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of moving food through the alimentary tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the esophagus?

    <p>Propulsion of food into the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the digestive process?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of alternating contractions and relaxations of adjacent segments of the alimentary tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>Storage of feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules in the stomach?

    <p>Churning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerve plexuses is located in the submucosa?

    <p>Submucosal nerve plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the muscularis mucosae?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myenteric nerve plexus?

    <p>Control of muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a layer of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Mesentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of epithelium that lines the outer surface of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Mesothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glands in the submucosa?

    <p>Secretion of mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch forms the boundary of the oral cavity?

    <p>Palatoglossal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tonsil located on the back of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony structure that supports the tongue?

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland lies outside the oral cavity?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passageway that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis?

    <p>Prevents food from entering the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the papilla located on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

    <p>Vallate papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the palatine tonsil?

    <p>Contains lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx?

    <p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the salivary glands?

    <p>Produces saliva that breaks down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Saccharides

    • Carbohydrates (saccharides/sugars) are compounds of C, H, O
    • Monosaccharides (e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose) are single sugars and building blocks of complex saccharides
    • Disaccharides (e.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose) are double sugars
    • Polysaccharides (e.g. starch, cellulose, glycogen) contain many joined sugar units
    • Oligosaccharides (e.g. fructose chains, glycoprotein cell markers) are smaller polymers of many sugar units

    Proteins

    • Proteins are compounds of C, H, O, N (and sometimes S) and are also called polypeptides (polymers)
    • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins (monomers)
    • Dipeptides are double units of amino acids
    • Peptide bonds join amino acids together

    Fats (Lipids)

    • Fats (lipids) are compounds of C, H, O, and sometimes P
    • Complex lipids (e.g. triglycerides) are made up of fatty acids and glycerols

    Digestive System

    • The digestive system consists of two groups of organs: the alimentary canal (gastrointestinal or GI tract) and accessory digestive organs
    • The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
    • Accessory digestive organs include teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

    Digestion and Absorption

    • Ingestion involves mechanical breakdown through chewing and propulsion through swallowing
    • Digestion involves chemical breakdown through enzymes and acid in the stomach and small intestine
    • Absorption occurs in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

    Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

    • The oral cavity (mouth) consists of the palate, tongue, and tonsils
    • The palate consists of the hard palate and soft palate, separated by the palatoglossal arch
    • The tongue has papillae (e.g. fungiform, filiform, vallate, and foliate) and a dorsal surface

    Salivary Glands

    • Salivary glands produce most saliva and lie outside the oral cavity
    • There are three main salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

    Nutrition and Digestion

    • Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide energy for daily activities, build structures, and maintain cellular reactions.
    • Water and minerals are essential for hydration, osmoregulation, and organ function.

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O).
    • Polysaccharides contain many joined sugar units (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen).
    • Oligosaccharides are smaller polymers of many sugar units (e.g., fructose chains, glycoprotein cell markers).
    • Disaccharides consist of two sugar units (e.g., sucrose, lactose).

    Digestive System

    • The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and large intestine.
    • The mouth contains salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) that produce saliva.
    • The pharynx is a common passage for food and air.

    Digestive Processes

    • Six essential activities occur in the digestive system: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption, and defecation.

    Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The gastrointestinal tract has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
    • Intrinsic nerve plexuses (myenteric and submucosal) control gut function.
    • Glands in the submucosa produce mucus and enzymes.

    Oral Cavity

    • The oral cavity contains the tongue, palate, and salivary glands.
    • The tongue has papillae (fungiform, foliate, vallate) that contain taste buds.
    • The oral cavity and pharynx have a common passage for food and air.

    Salivary Glands

    • Salivary glands produce most saliva and lie outside the oral cavity.
    • There are three main salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.
    • Salivary glands produce saliva that contains enzymes for digestion.

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    Related Documents

    Digestive System Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Learn about the different types of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, as well as the basics of proteins. Test your knowledge on these important biomolecules.

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