Texas History Timeline

Texas History

• The French first claimed Texas in 1685, but Spain gained control in the early 18th century.
• Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, and Texas became an independent republic between 1836 and 1846.
• The annexation of Texas by the United States occurred in 1845, and Texas became the 28th state.
• Americans and other English-speaking settlers first migrated to Texas in 1821, leading to a reduction in warring Native American tribes.
• Mexico initially allowed settlers to bring slaves and charge them little taxes, but later took steps to outlaw slavery and increase taxes.

The Transportation Revolution

• The transportation revolution took place in the United States in the 19th century.
• It resulted in the development of pivotal methods of transportation, including steamboats, railroads, and canals.
• The federal government was opposed to funding these transportation networks, so they were largely funded by individual states and private investors.
• The Erie Canal was the first canal to be constructed, and its success led to the construction of thousands of miles of canals.
• Railroads eventually took over as the primary method of shipping goods, leading to westward settlement and a prosperous economy.

The Oregon Trail

• The Oregon Trail was blazed by fur traders and held incredible significance in westward expansion and Manifest Destiny.
• The 1818 Rush-Bagot Treaty allowed joint occupancy of the Oregon Territory between Britain and the United States.
• John Quincy Adams and John O'Sullivan were prominent supporters of expansion, with O'Sullivan coining the term "Manifest Destiny".
• The first wagon train made its journey over the 2,000-mile expanse of North American wilderness in 1836.
• The Oregon Trail was used to reach new economic opportunities and cheap or free land in the West.

The California Gold Rush

• The California Gold Rush took place between 1848-1855.
• Those who traveled to California during the gold rush were nicknamed "forty-niners".
• The Comstock Lode was a silver deposit in Nevada that sparked a silver rush beginning in 1859.
• Sutter's Mill was the location where gold was first found, leading to the California Gold Rush.

Social Reform

• Social reform is the restructuring of culturally accepted laws and norms.
• The following factors contributed to the need for social reform: Second Great Awakening, Industrial Revolution, Transcendentalism, and Urbanization.
• The Age of Reform (1830-1850) introduced reforms associated with abolitionism, temperance, labor reform, and education.
• Notable accomplishments of this period include the founding of Oberlin College, the work of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, and the establishment of public schools in Massachusetts.

The Seneca Falls Convention

• The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the United States, held in 1848.
• The main organizers were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
• The convention laid out the ideology of the women's rights movement, including the goal of gaining the right to vote.

The Temperance Movement

• The temperance movement was a social movement in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Its goal was to restrict or abolish the consumption of liquor and other alcoholic drinks.
• The main goal of the temperance movement was to eradicate the negative effects of alcohol on society.
• The movement promoted prohibition as a political solution and temperance or teetotalism as an individual solution.

Abolitionism

• Abolitionists were people who opposed a specific practice or institution, in this case, slavery.
• Abolitionist leaders, including former slaves, former slave owners, and individuals from Quakers and Baptist religion, impacted the movement significantly.

The Antebellum Era

• The Antebellum Era was a period in American history from 1815 to the Civil War.
• The North and South had different economies, with the North focusing on industrialization and the South dependent on enslaved people and cash crops.
• The factory system spread from New England textile mills to other businesses, and inventors and innovators helped revolutionize America.
• The government passed protective tariffs to support American manufacturing, and new business models like the corporation became commonplace.

Living in the South

• The Southern economy was based heavily on king cotton, the main crop.
• The labor-intensive nature of cotton required slavery to grow as a profitable product for export.
• Economic influences have dictated Southern Society for generations.
• The expansion of the "old southwest" (slavery) was facilitated by the opening of the gulf coast, the invention of the cotton gin, and the rising price of cotton.

Slavery

• Slavery had a long history before becoming prominent in the American South.
• Native Americans had been previously enslaved by the Spanish, but the English decided to enslave Africans from the Caribbean.
• Enslaved Africans were brought to America along the Middle Passage, the middle leg of the Transatlantic trade route.
• Slaves were seasoned, given a European name, and auctioned off to the highest bidder.
• The South became dependent on growing cotton as a cash crop, and used slave labor to increase their profits.
• Slaves were controlled through slave codes, which prevented them from owning weapons, gathering in large groups, getting married, or defending themselves against a white person.

Texas History

• The French first claimed Texas in 1685, but Spain gained control in the early 18th century.
• Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, and Texas became an independent republic between 1836 and 1846.
• The annexation of Texas by the United States occurred in 1845, and Texas became the 28th state.
• Americans and other English-speaking settlers first migrated to Texas in 1821, leading to a reduction in warring Native American tribes.
• Mexico initially allowed settlers to bring slaves and charge them little taxes, but later took steps to outlaw slavery and increase taxes.

The Transportation Revolution

• The transportation revolution took place in the United States in the 19th century.
• It resulted in the development of pivotal methods of transportation, including steamboats, railroads, and canals.
• The federal government was opposed to funding these transportation networks, so they were largely funded by individual states and private investors.
• The Erie Canal was the first canal to be constructed, and its success led to the construction of thousands of miles of canals.
• Railroads eventually took over as the primary method of shipping goods, leading to westward settlement and a prosperous economy.

The Oregon Trail

• The Oregon Trail was blazed by fur traders and held incredible significance in westward expansion and Manifest Destiny.
• The 1818 Rush-Bagot Treaty allowed joint occupancy of the Oregon Territory between Britain and the United States.
• John Quincy Adams and John O'Sullivan were prominent supporters of expansion, with O'Sullivan coining the term "Manifest Destiny".
• The first wagon train made its journey over the 2,000-mile expanse of North American wilderness in 1836.
• The Oregon Trail was used to reach new economic opportunities and cheap or free land in the West.

The California Gold Rush

• The California Gold Rush took place between 1848-1855.
• Those who traveled to California during the gold rush were nicknamed "forty-niners".
• The Comstock Lode was a silver deposit in Nevada that sparked a silver rush beginning in 1859.
• Sutter's Mill was the location where gold was first found, leading to the California Gold Rush.

Social Reform

• Social reform is the restructuring of culturally accepted laws and norms.
• The following factors contributed to the need for social reform: Second Great Awakening, Industrial Revolution, Transcendentalism, and Urbanization.
• The Age of Reform (1830-1850) introduced reforms associated with abolitionism, temperance, labor reform, and education.
• Notable accomplishments of this period include the founding of Oberlin College, the work of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, and the establishment of public schools in Massachusetts.

The Seneca Falls Convention

• The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the United States, held in 1848.
• The main organizers were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
• The convention laid out the ideology of the women's rights movement, including the goal of gaining the right to vote.

The Temperance Movement

• The temperance movement was a social movement in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Its goal was to restrict or abolish the consumption of liquor and other alcoholic drinks.
• The main goal of the temperance movement was to eradicate the negative effects of alcohol on society.
• The movement promoted prohibition as a political solution and temperance or teetotalism as an individual solution.

Abolitionism

• Abolitionists were people who opposed a specific practice or institution, in this case, slavery.
• Abolitionist leaders, including former slaves, former slave owners, and individuals from Quakers and Baptist religion, impacted the movement significantly.

The Antebellum Era

• The Antebellum Era was a period in American history from 1815 to the Civil War.
• The North and South had different economies, with the North focusing on industrialization and the South dependent on enslaved people and cash crops.
• The factory system spread from New England textile mills to other businesses, and inventors and innovators helped revolutionize America.
• The government passed protective tariffs to support American manufacturing, and new business models like the corporation became commonplace.

Living in the South

• The Southern economy was based heavily on king cotton, the main crop.
• The labor-intensive nature of cotton required slavery to grow as a profitable product for export.
• Economic influences have dictated Southern Society for generations.
• The expansion of the "old southwest" (slavery) was facilitated by the opening of the gulf coast, the invention of the cotton gin, and the rising price of cotton.

Slavery

• Slavery had a long history before becoming prominent in the American South.
• Native Americans had been previously enslaved by the Spanish, but the English decided to enslave Africans from the Caribbean.
• Enslaved Africans were brought to America along the Middle Passage, the middle leg of the Transatlantic trade route.
• Slaves were seasoned, given a European name, and auctioned off to the highest bidder.
• The South became dependent on growing cotton as a cash crop, and used slave labor to increase their profits.
• Slaves were controlled through slave codes, which prevented them from owning weapons, gathering in large groups, getting married, or defending themselves against a white person.