NEUROLOGY 2 - CREDIT
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Questions and Answers

Regarding Neurosyphilis, which of the following statements is incorrect?

  • asymptomatic neurosyphilis means that neurosyphilis is present, but the individual reports no symptoms and does not feel sick
  • it occurs in people with syphilis, especially if they are left untreated
  • signs of neurosyphylis include vision loss, loss of reflexes and loss of sense of vibration, poor gait, and impaired balance
  • is a exclusively a disease of brain and meninges (correct)

    • What would you expect to find on a FDG-PET scan in patients with Alzheimer´s disease?

  • hypometabolism in temporoparietal lobe (correct)
  • hypometabolism in occipital lobe of dominant hemisphere
  • hypermetabolism in temporoparietal lobe
  • hypermetabolism in occipital lobe of non-dominant hemisphere

    • Regarding L4 radiculopathy, which of the following is correct?

  • there is weakness of ankle plantar flexion→S1
  • pain and sensory deficit is localised to anterior thigh and medial aspect of leg (correct)
  • there is areflexia of Achilles tendon reflex→S1
  • there is atrophy of triceps surae muscle

    • Which of the following symptoms is typical for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is?

    <p>abnormal vertical occular saccades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications have been shown to be effective in treating patients with Alzheimer ́s disease?

    <p>acetylcholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with DLB (Dementia with Lewy Bodies)?

    <p>parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment of radiculopathies does not include

    <p>anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Restless Leg Syndrome is caused by

    <p>CNS dopamine imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modifiable risk factor of stroke is not

    <p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following does not apply for triptan treatment

    <p>are administered already during the aura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not apply to a migraine attack?

    <p>sleep deprivation prevents the recurrence of a migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for the definition of migraine infarction

    <p>occurs in migraine with aura, when the symptoms of the aura last 24 hours after the onset of the headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement for cluster headache

    <p>there is a good effect of oxygen inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of temporal arteritis

    <p>the duration of corticoid administration depends on the value of inflammatory markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C8 radiculopathy, which of the following is incorrect?

    <p>there is areflexia of flexor finger reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement the pathology of tau protein is involved in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

    <p>the pathology of alfa synuclein is involved in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is not typical for patients with normotensive hydrocephalus?

    <p>bulbar paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alzheimer's disease has the most significant deficit of

    <p>acetycholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nonmotor symptom does not belong (never) to Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Deafness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routine diagnostic screening of dementia does not require

    <p>assessment of vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What findings would you expect from an FDG-PET scan in patients with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>hypometabolism in the temporal and parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a routine diagnostic procedure for patients with newly diagnosed dementia?

    <p>vitamin D level examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute treatment of ischemic stroke we do not consider

    <p>clopidogrel loading dose 75 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diplopia occurs during stroke in the territory of

    <p>basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about herpes zoster is not true?

    <p>it is a sexually transmitted disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A constant brain blood flow for brain functions is in the range of

    <p>50–60 ml / 100 g brain tissue / min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central hemiparesis and anosognosia occur in stroke in the territory of

    <p>left middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most common form of dystonia is

    <p>Cervical dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most common risk factor for intracerebral heamorrhage is

    <p>Arterial hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Category of primary brain tumors does NOT include

    <p>metastasis of bronchogennic carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An MRI is performed on a patient with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Which of the following is suggestive of this condition?

    <p>hemorrhagic changes in temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does not apply to a patient with aphasia and right-sided hemiparesis within a time window of up to 4.5 hours

    <p>we do only CT of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct?

    <p>magnetic resonance imaging is useful in diagnosis of intervertebral disc herniation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does not apply to endovascular treatment in patients with ischemic stroke

    <p>is always administered only after intravenous thrombolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for cluster headache

    <p>is more prevalent in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding subarachnoid haemorrhage

    <p>sudden onset of severe headache is typical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typically one of earliest symptoms of Alzheimer ́s disease?

    <p>Impaired episodic memory for recent events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of infection is most likely to cause a macroscopically cloudy/flaky (non-transparent) CSF in a patient with suspected meningitis?

    <p>Bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For vasospasm prevention in subarachnoid haemorrhage we use

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracerebral heamorrhage occurs appoximatelly in

    <p>7-10 % of strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most virulent cause of meningitis

    <p>N. meningitides and Pneumonia (but first one is more accurate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subarachnoid haemorrhage is most commonly caused by

    <p>rupture of intracranial aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding L5 radiculopathy, which of the following is correct?

    <p>Pain and sensory deficit is localized to lateral aspects of thigh, leg and dorsal aspect of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following is NOT true, regarding intracerebral haemorrhage

    <p>clinical sings of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage are significantly different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lab values are characteristic of septic (purulent) meningitis?

    <p>&gt;1000 (high) mg/l proteins, and &lt;0,6mmol (low) mg/l glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement

    <p>ischemic stroke represents 85-90% of all the strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>contusio cerebri is a reversible global disorder of brain function without structural changes in brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>a complication of a skull fracture may be purulent meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contusio cerebri (Cerebral contusion)

    <p>is caused by non-penetrating head trauma, and leads to structural damage to the brain with edema, bleeding (haematoma) and hypoxic-ischemic changes→Compressio cerebri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntington’s disease is an

    <p>autosomal dominant disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>subdural haematoma may manifest itself in the development of focal symptoms from direct pressure of the haematoma on the brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>acute epidural haematoma appears in the CT as a hyperdense lesion of semilunar- shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for neurinoma (Schwannoma)

    <p>commonly occurs in vestibular part of n. VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>the most common source of traumatic epidural haemorrhage is rupture of arteria meningea media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of viral meningitis?

    <p>Enterovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most common form of dystonia is

    <p>cervical dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following may be associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome except

    <p>First symptom is altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cause of chorea is not typical for onset in adolescence/young adulthood?

    <p>chorea due to use of hormonal contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about Huntington’s disease

    <p>is caused by defect in the metabolism of a copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C7 radiculopathy, which of the following is correct?

    <p>pain and sensory deficit is localised to the dorsal aspect of arm, forearm and the second and third digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early ischemic changes on brain CT does not involve

    <p>dilation of subarachniod space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug must be tried in young-onset dystonia?

    <p>calcium channel blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis characteristic finding in magnetic resonance of the brain and spinal cord is

    <p>presence of demyelinating hypersignal lesions in T2 weighted image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is suggestive for Atypical parkinsonian syndrome?

    <p>postural instability early in the course of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the L4 level clinically manifests with

    <p>localized pain in the region of the lower back vertebral column, radiating through the anterior side of the thigh and medial side of the calf, weakness of the quadriceps femoris muscle, weakened flexion at the hip joint, weakened extension at the knee joint, decreased knee-jerk reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by

    <p>inability to regulate sleep-wake cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>important parts in the diagnostic of vertebrogenic disorders are anamnesis, clinical neurological examination, and imaging examinations such as X-rays, CT or MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is

    <p>a chronic CNS disease, in the pathogenesis of which autoimmune mechanisms result in myelin injury and axonal loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    So called secondary trigeminal neuralgia is not caused by

    <p>Pituitary adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for multiple system atrophy

    <p>Autonomic dysfunction (e.g. orthostatic hypotension)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy is

    <p>A tendency to experience recurrent, unprovoked seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to typical signs of Wilson’s disease?

    <p>low excretion of copper in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tension headache is

    <p>more prevalent than migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is often resistant to levodopa treatment?

    <p>postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding intravenous trombolysis

    <p>rt-PA is given in dosage of 0,9 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cause of chorea is not typical for onset in adolescence/young adulthood?

    <p>chorea due to use of hormonal contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding subarachnoid hemorrhage

    <p>sudden onset of severe headache is typical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertonic intracerebral hemorrhage typically does not occur

    <p>In sucortical lobar localisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>dorsiflexion of the big toe of the foot is weakened in the case of radicular syndrome at the S1 level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Status epilepticus is a medical emergency associated with significant mortality and morbidity that requires immediate and effective treatment. Which statement is incorrect?

    <p>antimicrobial treatment is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the L5 level clinically manifests with

    <p>localized pain in the region of the lower back vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the thigh and calf, weakened dorsiflexion of the foot, unchanged reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy is most likely to begin in which age group?

    <p>early childhood, Adolescence, and over 65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>radicular syndrome is characterised by localised pain in one or multiple segments without radiating pain to the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following is not used in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrilation

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It does not belong to the clinical picture of multiple sclerosis

    <p>polyradiculoneuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wernicke center is in

    <p>Left temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The definition of Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - NMOSD is

    <p>a group of diseases, which includes Neuromyelitis optica and other especially limited forms with involvement of other parts of the CNS (thalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frontal lobe syndrome is associated with

    <p>Affected conjugate movement of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is

    <p>a rare CNS disease with brain and spinal cord involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT angiography of brain vessels is not contraindicated

    <p>In patient with non rupture aneurysm of brain arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is manifested by the following clear symptoms (characteristics)

    <p>optic neuritis, acute myelitis, area postrema syndrome, acute brainstem syndrome, symptomatic narcolepsy or acute diencephalic syndrome, and meningeal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathological conditions are not indications for cerebrospinal fluid's analysis?

    <p>Brain tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy affects

    <p>anyone regardless of age, ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    „Drunk-man“ gait with broadened basis is typical for:

    <p>Cerebellar lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gait with character of dancing is typical for patients with

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When someone is having a tonic clonic seizure you must always

    <p>make the area safe, measure the seizure (time), cushion the head, and offer help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to paraneoplastic neurological syndromes?

    <p>amyloid angiopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are hallmark symptoms of narcolepsy except

    <p>loud snoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with

    <p>CNS lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy is

    <p>a tendency to experience recurrent, unprovoked seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tumor treatment options are

    <p>radiotherapy, chemotherapy, stereotactic neurosurgery and surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol can be dangerous for a person with epilepsy because

    <p>it can interfere with medication used to control seizures and cause seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor has the worst prognosis for the patient?

    <p>Meningioma in the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first choice method for the diagnosis of brain tumors in the fossa posterior is

    <p>Brain MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications are contraindicated in the case of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>curariform myorelaxants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of viral meningitis?

    <p>Enterovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    egarding Neurosyphilis, which of the following statements is incorrect?

    <p>is a exclusively a disease of brain and meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are leptomeninges?

    <p>pia and arachnoid mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herpes zoster is

    <p>reactivation of Varicella-zoster virus infection affecting peripheral or cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the frequent chronic complications of alcoholism do not belong

    <p>alcoholic cervical dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding in the brain MRI accompanies Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

    <p>small haemorrhages in the region of the mammillary bodies and around the third and fourth ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the neurologic symptoms in the case of hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>increased levels of ammonia in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of acute alcohol intoxication, it leads to the following

    <p>reduction of concentration, dysarthria, ataxic gait, later there is the threat of coma and respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belongs among the neurologic complications of hypothyreosis?

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About Becker’s muscular dystrophy is it correct

    <p>has a more benign and less common occurrence than Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incorrect about the ulnar nerve lesion?

    <p>leads to dysfunction of the thumb movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correct about the tibial nerve lesion

    <p>the patient is incapable of standing on tiptoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options does not show an adequate therapy for Bell’s palsy?

    <p>in the case of compression or tumorous affection of the facial nerve, surgical treatment is adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The typical finding of needle EMG in ALS(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) manifests as

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis is

    <p>an autoimmune disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belongs to the clinical picture of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some of the known triggers of epileptic seizures are

    <p>alcohol and lack of sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Focal epilepsy is diagnosed in a patient with

    <p>any focal epileptic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Although the characteristics of a seizure may differ from person to person, seizures are caused by the same thing

    <p>a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy affects

    <p>anyone regardless of age, ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a physician diagnose epilepsy?

    <p>history or description of seizures, and electroencephalogram (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is manifested by the following clear symptoms (characteristics)

    <p>optic neuritis, acute myelitis, area postrema syndrome, acute brainstem syndrome, symptomatic narcolepsy or acute diencephalic syndrome, and symptomatic cerebral syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis most often takes place under the picture of the clinical form

    <p>relapse-remitting form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is

    <p>a rare CNS disease with brain and spinal cord involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of diagnosing multiple sclerosis, is not beneficial

    <p>Genetic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>radicular syndrome is characterised by localised pain in one or multiple segments without radiating pain to the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the L5 level clinically manifests with

    <p>localized pain in the region of the lower back vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the thigh and calf, weakened dorsiflexion of the foot, unchanged reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>cervical myelopathy clinically manifests with flaccid paraparesis of the legs and dysfunction of sensitivity from the dermatome Th2 distally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the C5 level manifests clinically with

    <p>ocalized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, weakened abduction at the shoulder joint, weakened flexion at the elbow joint and decreased biceps reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>sequestration of the intervertebral disks means that the nucleus pulposus penetrates through the annulus fibrosus but remains connected to the disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement about Wilson’s disease

    <p>it is treated by penicilamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is suggestive for Atypical parkinsonian syndrome?

    <p>postural instability early in the course of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from atypical neurodegenerative parkinsonism (e.g. Multiple system atrophy or Progressive supranuclear palsy) by

    <p>IBZM SPECT (D2 receptors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advanced Parkinson’s disease is not treated by

    <p>pump therapy with intravenous propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic characteristics of the brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) include

    <p>Glasgow coma scale 13-15 points + unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    „Whiplash“ injury

    <p>it is an injury of the cervical spine, associated with a sudden antero-posterior movement of the trunk and cervical spine with severe hyperflexia and subsequent hyperextension of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Correction of an elevated blood pressure

    <p>in haemorrhagic stroke the correction should be faster than those in ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following signs is not typical for chronic communicating hydrocephalus

    <p>chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracerebral heamorrhage occurs appoximatelly in

    <p>7-10 % of strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diplopia occurs during stroke in the territory of

    <p>basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central hemiparesis and aphasia occur in stroke in the territory of

    <p>left middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does not apply to a patient with aphasia and right-sided hemiparesis within a time window of up to 4.5 hours

    <p>if CT is negative, we administer rTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the definitions for transient ischemic attack, we can summarize that

    <p>for the duration of the symptoms, they are present for &lt;24 hours, usually &lt; than 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following does not apply to the management of arterial hypertension

    <p>For patients over 80 years of age, values of blood pressure 130 - 139 mm Hg are always recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is not present in patients with FTD (frontotemporal degeneration)?

    <p>visual hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>the pathology of alfa synuclein is involved in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is not true?

    <p>repeated complex visual hallucinations are typical for FTD (frontotemporal degeneration)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>episodic memory disorder is typical for dementia with Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is valid for vascular dementia?

    <p>has a fluctuating course of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the definition of migraine with aura, the following applies

    <p>the patient must have 2 seizures meeting the criteria of point B and C of the diagnostic criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aura in migraine with aura

    <p>usually lasts 5-60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A painful tic (tic douloureux) is present at

    <p>classical (primary) trigeminal neuralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Botulinum toxin

    <p>its effectiveness has been confirmed in the prevention of episodic migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    So called secondary trigeminal neuralgia is not caused by

    <p>falx meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patient presenting with unilateral flattened nasolabial fold and drop of mouth angle suffers from:

    <p>peripheral type of facial nerve lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sonography is used in neurology for diagnosis of

    <p>Ischemic stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    <p>is a neuropatic pain which is treated by anticonvulsants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glasgow coma scale evaluates

    <p>eye-opening, verbal, flection, extension responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases do not cause syndrome of intracranial hypertension?

    <p>fracture of a skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI-angiography is absolutely contraindicated

    <p>in patients with metal (iron) implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms, which is absolutely necessary for diagnosis of parkinsonism (present in 100% patients) is

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypokinetic movement disorder is

    <p>Parkinosonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain CT is the first choice in diagnostics of

    <p>Acute stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conjunctival chemosis and eye movement disorder is not typical for

    <p>pituitary adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Focal clonic seizure known as a Jacksonian march can be a symptom of a tumor

    <p>in the frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with

    <p>CNS lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common tumors in adults are

    <p>meningiomas, glioblastomas, pituitary tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the treatment of intracranial hypertension in brain tumors we administer

    <p>all options are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct?

    <p>all of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is Gram-positive microbe causing meningitis?

    <p>S. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Herpes simplex encephalitis, which of the following is a characteristic EEG finding?

    <p>periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagnose of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis is based on presence of

    <p>herpetic DNA in CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correct about Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belongs among the typical neurologic symptoms of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)?

    <p>polyneuritis, polymyositis, brain infarcts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the frequent chronic complications of alcoholism do not belong

    <p>alcoholic cervical dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement about diabetic polyneuropathy?

    <p>mainly there is affection of the spinothalamic tract for sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the neurologic symptoms in the case of hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>increased levels of ammonia in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to the clinical picture of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)?

    <p>disorder of sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may we find in the laboratory picture in ALS(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)?

    <p>increased levels of the enzymes: CK, ALT, AST, LDH and creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The typical finding of needle EMG in ALS(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) manifests as

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct affirmation in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

    <p>treatment for the cause does not exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of facial nerve lesion in the region of the pontocerebellar angle it is adequate to perform a

    <p>lumbar punction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Congenital myotonia it is incorrect

    <p>there is autosomal recessive inheritance – Thomsen’s type of congenital myotonia, or autosomal dominant inheritance – Becker’s type of congenital myotonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement for Myasthenia gravis (MG)

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For polymyositis it is correct

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, the following is incorrect

    <p>affection of the bulbar muscles is typical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnostic tests for epilepsy include all of the following except

    <p>Simple blood test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are hallmark symptoms of narcolepsy except

    <p>Loud snoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seizures can be caused by

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to a healthy person, how much more sleep does a patient with epilepsy need?

    <p>no extra sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by

    <p>inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis has its first manifestation - a demyelinating event called a Clinically isolated syndrome, which most often occurs under images

    <p>optic neuritis, or myelitis, or brainstem-cerebellar syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is treated causally for a long time with

    <p>immunomodulators and immunosuppressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attack or relapse of Multiple sclerosis is not

    <p>stable period without worsening patient disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is

    <p>chronic disease of the CNS, in which the dysimmune process leads to damage to myelin and axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The definition of Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - NMOSD is

    <p>a group of diseases, which includes Neuromyelitis optica and other especially limited forms with involvement of other parts of the CNS (thalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep brain stimulation therapy in Parkinson’s disease is indicated in case of

    <p>poorly controlled motor fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntington’s disease is an

    <p>autosomal dominant disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage is present only if a skull fracture is also present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI) manifests clinically as confusion and/or disorientation, unconsciousness (if present) lasting up to 60 minutes and post-traumatic amnesia lasting up to 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal cord „shock“ (in case of spinal injuries)

    <p>introduces at the beginning a complete loss of spinal cord functions with a spastic plegia, which after a certain time turns into flaccid paresis/plegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severity of subarachnoid haemorrhage is scaled by (clinical symptoms)

    <p>Hunt-Hess scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary prevention in patients after overcoming ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation is

    <p>is recommended in patients with hypertonic bleeding with well-controlled arterial hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A constant brain blood flow for brain functions is in the range of

    <p>50–60 ml / 100 g brain tissue / min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary prevention in patients after overcoming ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation is

    <p>antiplatelet + atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penumbra, or functional impairment (reversible dysfunction) of brain tissue occurs during blood flow

    <p>below 20 ml / 100 g / min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atorvastatin is recommended in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in dose

    <p>80 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity to antipsychotics is typical for

    <p>Frontotemporal dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a routine diagnostic procedure for patients with newly diagnosed dementia?

    <p>vitamin D level examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We do not include among treatable causes of dementia

    <p>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are the treatable causes of dementia?

    <p>hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the definition of migraine without aura, the following applies

    <p>the patient must have 5 seizures meeting the criteria of point B - D of the diagnostic criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Headache in migraine is

    <p>throbbing, worsened by exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following does not apply for triptan treatment

    <p>are administered already during the aura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preventive treatment of migraine is indicated

    <p>in case of three or more migraine attacks per month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebrospinal fluid examination is essential for diagnosis of

    <p>narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers

    <p>corticospinal pathway passes through internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperproteinorachia

    <p>may be the result of positive intrathecal synthesis of Ig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesion of a right cerebellar hemisphere manifests with

    <p>problems with accurate movements on the right side of a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a unilateral brainstem's lesion

    <p>there is a sensory lesion on the side of affected n. IV. nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain haemorrhage on CT is

    <p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following statements is not true for DSA (digital subtraction angiography) ?

    <p>DSA is not using X-ray radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudotumor cerebri

    <p>is a clinically condition similar to intracranial hypertension without an expansive brain lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis is not supported by

    <p>high levels of sugars in cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most malignant brain tumor is

    <p>glioblastoma multiforme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is not one of the general symptoms of brain tumors

    <p>diplopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classic symptoms of meningitis usually include

    <p>fever, headache, stiff neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postherpetic neuralgia

    <p>can be successfully treated by antiepileptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the incorrect statement about Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome

    <p>is caused by deficiency of vitamin B1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the incorrect statement about delirium tremens

    <p>it is accompanied by hypotension and bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leads to central pontine myelinolysis?

    <p>rapid correction of hyponatremia(frequently in chronic alcoholics)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of carpal tunnel syndrome

    <p>typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement for the central lesion of the facial nerve

    <p>drooping of the mouth corner on the contralateral half of the face according to the lesion site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests/symptoms does not belong among the stress tests in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Graefe’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis: which of the following options is correct for the so-called Myasthenic crisis?

    <p>it is the rapid development of bulbar symptomatology and generalized weakness - a life- threatening state where respiratory failure threatens the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cataplexy is

    <p>muscle atonia triggered by emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absence is

    <p>a generalized epileptic seizure manifested by staring with a typical SWC EEG 3Hz pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypocretin deficient narcolepsy is a result of

    <p>immune mediated damage of hypocretine neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol can be dangerous for a person with epilepsy because

    <p>it can interfere with medication used to control seizures and cause seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When someone is having a tonic clonic seizure you must always

    <p>make the area safe, measure the seizure (time), cushion the head, and offer help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis may be manifested by the development of optic neuritis with symptoms

    <p>deterioration of visual acuity and color vision disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is manifested by the following clear symptoms (characteristics)

    <p>optic neuritis, acute myelitis, area postrema syndrome, acute brainstem syndrome, symptomatic narcolepsy or acute diencephalic syndrome, and meningeal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis)is characterized by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with

    <p>multiple small lesions disseminated in both white and gray matter of the brain, new lesions often increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis typically manifests at the disease onset with

    <p>optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>important parts in the diagnostic of vertebrogenic disorders are anamnesis, clinical neurological examination, and imaging examinations such as X-rays, CT or MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>in the case of radicular syndrome at the S1 level the patient cannot stand on tiptoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statements for Lewy body dementia (LBD)

    <p>typical antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol) are used to treat LBD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>Subdural hygroma is a developmental stage of chronic subdural hematoma, where the haematoma persists for several years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Posttraumatic complication is not

    <p>ependymoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment of brain haemorrhage caused by vitamine K antagonists does not include

    <p>acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For sinus cavernosus thrombosis is typical triad of

    <p>conjunctival chemosis, ptosis and painful ophthalmoparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary prevention in patients after overcoming ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation is

    <p>anticoagulants, we prefer direct oral anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticoagulant therapy in the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is recommended in

    <p>CHA2DS2-VASc ≤ 2 in men and ≤ 3 in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Category of primary headaches doesn't include

    <p>headache in arterial hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incomplete Horner syndrome may be in

    <p>cluster headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the treatment of moderate to severe migraine attacks are used

    <p>triptans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral (lower) motor neuron lesion is characterised by

    <p>muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain MRI is essential in diagnosis of

    <p>multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis is

    <p>an autoimmune disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To the clinical picture of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy belongs

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis: which of the following options is correct for the so-called Myasthenic crisis?

    <p>it is the rapid development of bulbar symptomatology and generalized weakness - a life-threatening state where respiratory failure threatens the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the metabolic determinants of polyneuropathy belong

    <p>diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For radial nerve lesion is correct

    <p>swan-neck” deformity is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the clinical picture of the fibular nerve lesion

    <p>the patient is incapable of standing on tiptoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of carpal tunnel syndrome

    <p>typically there are night paresthesias and dysesthesias which may wake the patient from sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wernicke encephalopathy is connected with the deficiency of which vitamin?

    <p>B1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong among the typical manifestations of hypoglycaemia?

    <p>psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNEZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An MRI is performed on a patient with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Which of the following is suggestive of this condition?

    <p>hemorrhagic changes in temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Guillain-Barre syndrome is correct?

    <p>all answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnose of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is supported by finding

    <p>Protein 14-3-3 in CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are leptomeninges?

    <p>pia and arachnoid mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common tumors in childhood are

    <p>astrocytomas, malignant gliomas, embryonic tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conjunctival chemosis and eye movement disorder is not typical for

    <p>pituitary adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meningeal carcinomatosis

    <p>may be the first manifestation of malignancy outside the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first choice method for the diagnosis of brain tumors in the fossa posterior is

    <p>brain MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurinoma (schwannom)

    <p>most often occurs on the vestibular part of n.VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT- angiography: which of following statement is true ?

    <p>it is a minimal invasive examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from the following statements considering Doppler effect is true ?

    <p>if the blood moves away from the probe, the frequency of the reflected waves decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage of corticonuclear tract in the left brain hemisphere manifests by:

    <p>central facial nerve palsy on the right side of a face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facial nerve (n. VII) lesion - peripheral type is manifested with

    <p>unability to make forehead wrinkles, elevate eyebrow, close the eye and nasolabial wrinkle is reduced on the ipsilateral side and mouth angle drop is present, and related to lesion localization; also taste deficit can be present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which EEG finding supports epileptic origin of the paroxysmal loss of the conciousness (epileptic seizure) ?

    <p>spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperkinetic movement disorder is

    <p>dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anozognosia:

    <p>is present in the lesion of nondominant (usually right) hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patient with right vestibular system lesion will have gait problem with

    <p>Pulling in direction of right ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for functional (psychogenic) movement disorders

    <p>physiotherapy might help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudobulbar palsy shows

    <p>dysartria, dysphagia, increased masseter reflex, present pathological axial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical features of REM sleep are

    <p>muscle atonia, saw tooth waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement:

    <p>hyperproteinorachia combined with increased count of white blood cells is called proteino-cytological dissociation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: SEP are used for examination

    <p>of sensitivity pathway ranging from the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal dorsal columns, brainstem, thalamus and cerebral parietal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for bradykinesia

    <p>amplitude and frequency of alternating movements is decreasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is not used

    <p>for imaging of intracerebral hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT angiography of cerebral arteries is not routinely used

    <p>in epidural hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers

    <p>tumor localised in the third brain ventricle may lead tu obstructive hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doppler imaging in duplex USG examination of extracranial vessels

    <p>based on the magnitude (size) of the change in the frequency of the ultrasonic waves reflected from the moving particle, the velocity of the moving particles is determinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis of an eyelid is present in lesion of

    <p>n. III.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facial nerve (n. VII) consists of mixed fibers

    <p>senzoric (taste), vegetative (slinenie, slzenie), motor and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frontal lobe syndrom is associated with

    <p>affected conjugate movement of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statements for superior alternating hemiplegia:

    <p>contralateral lesion of n.VII is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plane X-ray of the spinal column is indicated

    <p>it is not used very frequently nowadays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysdiadochokinesia means an inability of

    <p>fast alternating movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for middle alternating hemiplegia ?

    <p>lesion of pyramid tract is in medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuropathic pain

    <p>anticonvulsants and antidepressants have fine effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for temporal arteritis as a cause of headache

    <p>may cause blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment with triptans

    <p>requires caution in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart and vascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the treatment of mild migraine attack are used

    <p>paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement is not true?

    <p>the clock drawing test is used to detect visual hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is used in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>rivastigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is not valid for vascular dementia?

    <p>Gingko biloga EGb 761 extract is approved for the treatment of vascular dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>dementia with Lewy bodies is a synucleinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebral venous infarction results from

    <p>closure of the cortical vein or cerebral sinus with subsequent tissue congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A constant brain blood flow for brain functions is in the range of

    <p>50–60 ml / 100 g brain tissue / min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cerebral infarction occurs when there is a decrease in cerebral flow

    <p>below 12, somewhere below 10 ml / 100 g / min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For sinus cavernosus thrombosis is typical triad of

    <p>conjunctival chemosis, ptosis and painful ophtalmoparesisi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For detection of amyloid angiopathy we use

    <p>brain MRI gradient echo sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT-angiography in case of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)

    <p>is used mainly to determinate the source of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>Chronic subdural haematoma occurs in young people and is of arterial origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Posttraumatic complication is not

    <p>ependymoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>contusio cerebri (Mild brain injury, AMD) may be clinically manifested by a disorder of consciousness together with focal neurological symptoms, hyperdensive areas are present in the brain CT finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>acute subdural haematoma appears in the CT as a hyperdense lesion of lenticular (biconvex) shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the most specific (clinical) symptom of prodromal Parkinson’s disease

    <p>REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First choice in treatment of cervical dystonia is

    <p>local aplication of botulinum toxin type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Action tremor (present e.g. when writing, eating, drinking) is typical for the following disease

    <p>Essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment of radicular syndromes

    <p>is complex, in the beginning is focused on reducing pain most commonly by using anti-inflammatory, myorelaxant and anticonvulsive drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>cervicocranial syndrome describes headaches triggered by irritation of nerves of the skull due to muscular rigidity around the neck vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>belonging to the conservative treatment of vertebrogenic disorders are analgetics myorelaxants and triptans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the C8 level manifests with

    <p>localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the inner medial side of the shoulder, forearm, down to the 4th-5th fingers, weakened flexion of the fingers, decreased triceps reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multiple sclerosis, there is a presence in magnetic resonance imaging (brain and/or spinal cord)

    <p>hypersignal lesions in T2 weighted image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment for epilepsy is to eliminate or sharply reduce the frequency of seizures, may involve all of the following except

    <p>cognitive-behavioural therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of epileptic seizures?

    <p>abnormal electrical activity in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following medications are used to treat restless legs syndrome except

    <p>carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement for Myasthenia gravis (MG)

    <p>all of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options represents the explanation of the so-called Gorelick's symptom in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>in the case of mild ptosis, if the patient looks upwards for 1 min., it leads to the worsening of the ptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to the clinical picture of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>disorder of sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a cause of brain infarcts in the case of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)?

    <p>congenital thrombophilic state (e.g. factor V Leiden)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be a manifestation of alcohol withdrawal?

    <p>in the case of heavy abuse - epileptic seizures, hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is mostly affected by Herpes simple encephalitis?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuroborreliosis can manifest by

    <p>all answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encephalitis manifests as

    <p>fever, Headache and focal neurological symptoms e.g. aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnose of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is supported by finding

    <p>Protein 14-3-3 in CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meningeal carcinomatosis

    <p>may be the first manifestation of malignancy outside the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to paraneoplastic neurological syndromes?

    <p>amyloid angiopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Position-dependent headache is typical for

    <p>meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncinate crisis is present in lesion of

    <p>temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic sensation deficit occurs when lesion is located in

    <p>dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In parietal lobe syndrom of nondominant hepisphere is not present

    <p>speech problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segmental dystonia involves

    <p>Two or more neighbouring muscle groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frontal lobe syndrom is associated with

    <p>affected conjugate movement of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following findings is present in the inferior alternating hemiplegia?

    <p>contralateral lesion of hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes intracranial hypertension syndrome?

    <p>brain abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functional examinations of brain is

    <p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tabic disociation of sensation means

    <p>defect of deep sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following symptoms are not typical for tics

    <p>Unsuppressible character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers

    <p>paresis can be the clinical manifestation of upper and lower motorneuron lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transversal complete spinal cord lesion at the level of L3 segment does not present with

    <p>spastic paraparesis of lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia in relation to peripheral vestibular syndrome

    <p>is manifested with tonic limb and trunk deviations opposite to the affected vestibular apparatus; it is named „dysharmonic vestibular syndrome“</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

    <p>is invasive diagnostic method for visualisation of brain arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle tone: mark correct answers

    <p>muscle tone is regulated by cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is not correct?

    <p>K-komplexes point at the localisation of the epileptic focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

    <p>displays demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for dystonia:

    <p>has constant pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For evaluation of the brainstem reactivity in comatous patient we do not use:

    <p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilateral hyposmia (both nostrils) is present

    <p>as a prodromal sign of Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of left n. II

    <p>on the left side is not present direct FR and no to the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following do not suggest brain structural abnormality in the origin of coma?

    <p>anisocoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B-mode in Duplex ultrasound of extracranial brain vessels

    <p>displays mainly moving particles below the probe based on the frequency of reflected waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of axonal lesion of a peripheral nerve show

    <p>decelerated conductivity of a particular nerve’s segment, action potentials are of lower amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluent aphasia is related to lesion of

    <p>left temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)

    <p>is related to the pathophysiology of tension headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alzheimer's disease has the most significant deficit of

    <p>acetycholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is usually one of the first symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>episodic memory impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does not apply to the treatment of intracranial thrombosis

    <p>treatment is used for 6 months in cases of known local cause, if the hypercoagulable state is present is used for long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the definitions for transient ischemic attack, we can summarize that

    <p>for the duration of the symptoms, they are present for &lt;24 hours, usually &lt; than 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diplopia occurs during stroke in the territory of

    <p>basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardioembolic stroke represents from ischemic strokes

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subarachnoid haemorrhage is most commonly caused by

    <p>rupture of intracranial aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For vasospasm prevention in subarachnoid haemorrhage we use

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For detection of amyloid angiopathy we use

    <p>brain MRI gradient echo sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antidotum Idarucizumab is used in haemorrhagic complications in patients treated by

    <p>Dabigatran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>Chronic subdural haematoma occurs in young people and is of arterial origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage is present only if a skull fracture is also present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>unconsciousness together with focal neurological deficit may be clinical manifestations of contusio cerebri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>in the case of brain concussion (Mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI), hypodensity at the site of injury is present in the brain CT finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>chronic subdural haematoma is shown in the CT immediatelly as a hyperdensive lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about Parkinson’s disease

    <p>incidence decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advanced Parkinson’s disease is not treated by

    <p>pump therapy with intravenous propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement

    <p>the most common cause of radicular syndromes is osteoporosis of the vertebral bodies of the column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis: which of the following options is correct for the so-called cholinergic crisis?

    <p>originates after the overdose of AChE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total functional incapacity - disability, of a patient with Multiple sclerosis is evaluated using a scale

    <p>EDSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular syndrome at the C6 level manifests clinically with

    <p>localized pain in the region of the neck vertebral column, radiating through the lateral side of the shoulder, forearm, down to the thumb, weakened flexion and supination at the elbow joint, decreased biceps and styloradial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests/symptoms does not belong among the stress tests in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Graefe’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to the clinical picture of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>disorder of sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For dermatomyositis it is correct

    <p>all of the other answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not belong to the clinical picture of Bell’s palsy?

    <p>affection only of the lower branches of the facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recurrent hypoglycaemia in the case of badly compensated diabetes may in the long-term lead to

    <p>decrease in cognitive functions, development of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease do not include

    <p>stroke like episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VEP – Visual evoked potentials

    <p>physiological finding after stimulation is a complex of three waves – I., III. and V. corresponding to the signal passage through the brainstem (N-P-N complex)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical tremor in cerebellar disorders is

    <p>Intentional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afferent pathways of deep sensation enters

    <p>into dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect answer

    <p>brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T1 hyperintense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blepharospasm is dystonia of

    <p>Eyelids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Various abnormal sensations such as burning, needles and pins, etc, which are unpleasant but not painful are called:

    <p>dysesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cochlear nerve lesion manifests with

    <p>hearing disorder - hypacusis or anacusis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for tic disorder:

    <p>tics might be voluntarily suppressed for a short time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement

    <p>primary motor cortex is localised in praecentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duplex sonography of extracranial brain vessels

    <p>Has no significant contraindication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a tongue is innervated by the Facial nerve (n. VII) regarding the taste?

    <p>ipsilateral anterior two thirds of a tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs doesn’t belong to cerebellar syndrome?

    <p>spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain CT is

    <p>method for the examintaion of brain structures in the scale of the grey colours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) are used to measure action potentials

    <p>after stimulation of a peripheral nerve, recording is over the nerve or muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurology

    • Neurosyphilis is not correct: patients usually present with a rapid decline in cognitive function
    • In Alzheimer's disease, FDG-PET scans typically show decreased glucose metabolism in the temporal and parietal lobes

    Radiculopathy

    • L4 radiculopathy affects the quadriceps muscle
    • L5 radiculopathy affects the ankle and great toe
    • C7 radiculopathy affects the elbow and forearm
    • C8 radiculopathy does not typically affect the hand muscles
    • Treatment of radiculopathies may include physical therapy, medication, and surgery

    Dementia

    • Alzheimer's disease has the most significant deficit of acetylcholine
    • Symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) include visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognitive impairment, and Parkinsonian symptoms

    Headache

    • Restless leg syndrome is caused by dopamine dysfunction
    • Migraine infarction is caused by cortical spreading depression
    • Cluster headache is characterized by unilateral pain, tearing, and nasal congestion

    Stroke

    • Modifiable risk factors for stroke include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking
    • Central hemiparesis and anosognosia occur in stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery
    • Acute treatment of ischemic stroke may include intravenous thrombolysis
    • Subarachnoid hemorrhage is most commonly caused by aneurysm rupture

    Infections

    • Herpes simplex encephalitis is characterized by bilateral temporal lobe changes on MRI
    • Meningitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection
    • The most virulent cause of meningitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Tumors

    • Primary brain tumors include gliomas, medulloblastomas, and meningiomas
    • Neurinoma (Schwannoma) is a type of benign tumor that originates from Schwann cells

    Movement Disorders

    • Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by chorea and cognitive decline
    • Dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions
    • Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability

    Multiple Sclerosis

    • Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that may present with optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and brainstem symptoms
    • Characteristic findings on MRI include T2 hyperintense lesions in the brain and spinal cord

    Epilepsy

    • Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
    • Status epilepticus is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment

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