2.2 viruses
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Questions and Answers

Which structure of the bacteriophage is directly responsible for attaching to the bacterial surface?

  • head
  • tail sheath
  • collar
  • tail fibers (correct)
  • Which viral disease affects both dogs and cats?

  • Dwarf mosaic of maize
  • Canine hepatitis (correct)
  • Foot and mouth disease
  • Yellow vein mosaic
  • Vaccines for which of the following diseases are NOT typically produced using viruses?

  • Measles
  • Chickenpox
  • Foot and mouth disease (correct)
  • Polio
  • Which viral disease specifically affects plants causing symptoms like yellowing of veins?

    <p>Yellow vein mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the bacteriophage structure?

    <p>Enzyme sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the RNA strand in a tobacco mosaic virus?

    <p>Protein subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the HIV virus as indicated in the image?

    <p>Cas9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reverse transcriptase in the HIV virus?

    <p>Converts viral RNA into DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which labeled component of the HIV virus interacts directly with host cell receptors to facilitate entry?

    <p>gp120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which virus shown is the RNA coiled within a structural component, and what is that component?

    <p>Tobacco mosaic virus, within protein subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural component of a virus that surrounds its genetic material?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT primarily transmitted through air?

    <p>Polio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can viruses be found according to the content?

    <p>In air, water, soil, and living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preventive measure is common for both Hepatitis A and Polio?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When outside the host body, viruses appear as which of the following?

    <p>Non-living crystalline structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to prevent the transmission of chicken pox?

    <p>Not sharing personal belongings of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacteriophage

    • A virus that infects bacteria, composed of a head, collar, tail sheath, tail fibers, and base plate.

    Viruses

    • Microscopic organisms, smaller than bacteria, can be both living and non-living.
    • Found in air, water, soil, and living organisms.
    • Consist of a nuclear core with DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (capsid).
    • Derive nutrition from the host cell (e.g., bacterium, plant, or animal).

    Diseases Caused by Viruses

    • In plants: Tobacco mosaic, dwarf mosaic of maize, yellow vein mosaic of okra.
    • In animals: Foot and mouth disease of cattle, pigs, and hoofed animals, canine hepatitis in dogs and cats.
    • In humans: Common cold, influenza, corona, polio, measles, AIDS, and others.

    Vaccine Production

    • Vaccines are produced from viruses for polio, smallpox, chickenpox, and measles.

    Coiled RNA

    • Tobacco mosaic virus: composed of many protein subunits surrounding a coiled strand of RNA.
    • HIV Virus: components include gp120, gp41, RNA, capsid, matrix, and reverse transcriptase.

    Harmful Effects of Viruses

    • Diseases in humans: Hepatitis A, measles, chicken pox, polio, and others.
    • Modes of transmission and prevention measures:
      • Hepatitis A: waterborne, prevented by vaccination and drinking clear boiled water.
      • Measles: airborne, prevented by isolating the infected person.
      • Chicken pox: airborne and direct contact, prevented by not sharing personal belongings.
      • Polio: airborne and waterborne, prevented by vaccination and wearing a mask.

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