Questions and Answers
What is Nationalism?
A deep devotion to one’s country.
What is Imperialism and how did it affect the countries in Europe?
A policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically & socially. Countries fought for colonies overseas pushing each other along the way.
What is militarism and how did it affect countries in Europe?
Policy of glorifying the military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war. It created an army race which made citizens patriotic but frightened other countries.
Define Alliance. What was the purpose of European alliances?
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How did Kaiser Wilhelm II react to the alliance with Russia when he took control over Germany?
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What are the M.A.I.N causes of the great war?
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Describe the Schlieffen plan.
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What was the key aspect of the Schlieffen plan?
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Why didn’t the Schlieffen plan work?
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What were the spaces between the trenches called?
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Study Notes
The Great War (1914-1918) Terms
- Militarism: Policy of glorifying military powers, keeping a standing army, and always being prepared for war.
- Triple Alliance: Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
- Triple Entente: Alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia.
- Schlieffen Plan: German battle plan to fight France first, then Russia.
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire, named due to their location.
- Allies: Britain, France, Russia, and USA against the Central Powers.
- Western Front: Deadlock region in northern France.
- Trench Warfare: Miles of dug-out parallel trenches along the Western Front to protect soldiers from enemy fire.
- Eastern Front: Stretch of battle field along German and Russian borders.
- Woodrow Wilson: President of the USA.
Causes of the Great War
- Nationalism: A deep devotion to one's country, causing competition between nations.
- Imperialism: A policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially, leading to a fight for colonies overseas.
- Militarism: A policy of glorifying military power, leading to an arms race and making citizens patriotic but frightening other countries.
European Alliances
- Alliance: A union or association formed for mutual benefits of countries involved.
- Triple Entente: France, England, and Russia.
- Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Events Leading to the Great War
- Kaiser Wilhelm II: Cancelled the treaty with Russia in 1890.
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand: Archduke and heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia in 1914.
- Austria-Hungary: Declared war on Serbia, starting the Great War.
Schlieffen Plan
- Key aspect: Speed, quick victory over France.
- Plan: Germany would quickly attack/defeat France, then quickly shift to the Russian border and defeat them.
- Failure: Germans were held up by Belgium, then France, and Russia invaded Germany earlier than expected, and England interfered.
The Great War
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire.
- Allies: France, England, Russia, Italy, and later on, USA.
- No man's land: The spaces between the trenches.
- New weapons: Tanks, U-boats (submarines), airplanes, poison gas, and machine guns.
- Russia's great asset: The number of soldiers.
- European colonies: Provided soldiers and resources to help fight the war.
- Germany's policy: Unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking any submarine without warning.
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