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Questions and Answers

What is a result of deskilling labor?

  • Shifting control over labor process from workers to management (correct)
  • Higher quality of work
  • Improved worker job satisfaction
  • Increased worker resistance

What is the term for the process of breaking down jobs into simple tasks?

  • Routinization
  • Scientific Management
  • Labor Process Theory
  • Job Fragmentation (correct)

What is a limitation of the McDonaldization approach?

  • Poor quality of work (correct)
  • Higher span of control
  • Increased worker motivation
  • Lower monitoring costs

Who introduced the concept of labor process theory?

<p>Harry Braverman (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of deskilling labor?

<p>Worker alienation from work and the workplace (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of labor process control?

<p>Maintenance of control by management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who studied teams in an electronics organization?

<p>Graham Sewell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of deskilled labor?

<p>Requires minimal training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between each team member and the owner of the firm?

<p>A 'quid pro quo' contract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are long-term contracts not essential attributes of the firm?

<p>Because the employee can terminate the contract at any time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for the emergence of the firm?

<p>The possibility to increase productivity through team-oriented production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the classical capitalist firm?

<p>One party who is common to all the contracts of the joint inputs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it more difficult to restrict shirking through simple market exchange between cooperating inputs?

<p>Because it is costly to directly measure the marginal outputs of cooperating inputs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the party who is common to all the contracts of the joint inputs?

<p>To hold the residual claim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the contractual organization of inputs?

<p>Joint input production and several input owners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'quid pro quo' contract in the context of the firm?

<p>It implies a mutual agreement between parties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ouchi, what happens once employees internalize cultural norms and expectations?

<p>They are controlled by the culture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Schein's theory, how do organizational cultures change?

<p>When new values are introduced by top management, and absorbed into unconscious assumptions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of clan control, according to Ouchi?

<p>Managers take charge of cultural norms and expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Meyerson and Martin's views on organizational culture emphasize?

<p>The fragmentation and inconsistency of organizational cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for cultural change to take hold, according to Schein?

<p>Members of the culture must personally experience the benefits of proposed new values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used by Meyerson and Martin to describe a unified set of values and beliefs?

<p>Unity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do employees play in cultural change, according to Schein?

<p>A controlling role, as cultural change requires their personal experience of new values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when managers control cultural norms and expectations in clan control?

<p>Culture controls employees on behalf of the managers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dominant culture in an organization?

<p>Hegemonic culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study deals with the concept of altruism?

<p>Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reciprocal relationship between two parties?

<p>Reciprocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of human behavior in groups?

<p>Sociology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the discipline that deals with the management of organizations?

<p>Management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept that deals with the analysis of economic decisions?

<p>Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept that deals with the study of human behavior in organizations?

<p>Organizational Behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept that deals with the trust between two parties?

<p>Trust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Scientific Management theory?

<p>Breaking down jobs into simple tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Group Incentive mechanisms?

<p>To promote teamwork and collaboration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between labor and culture?

<p>Labor is influenced by culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of labor process control mechanisms?

<p>To improve labor productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the Hawthorne approach?

<p>Studying the impact of social factors on labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of individual monitoring in labor process control?

<p>To improve labor productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of labor under Scientific Management?

<p>Broken down into simple tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of participation and democracy in labor?

<p>To empower employees and promote autonomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between power and labor?

<p>Power is exercised over labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the Best Partnership for control mechanism?

<p>Promoting employee participation and democracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Advantages of Scientific Management

  • Efficiency and increased outputs
  • Lower monitoring costs
  • Higher span of control

Limitations of Scientific Management

  • Human Relations school (Mayo) highlights hidden costs such as poor quality, breakdown, boredom, and absenteeism
  • Sources of resistance (labour strike, mistrust between management and union)
  • Deskilling (Braverman, Noon and Blyton) through job fragmentation and routinization

Deskilling

  • Introduced by American sociologist Harry Braverman as part of labor process theory
  • Owners of the means of production control work by systematically deskilling labor
  • Deskilling leads to workers being easily replaceable and erodes their power base
  • Allows owners to drive down the price of labor to enhance profits, but exploits and degrades workers

Labor Process Control

  • Illustrated by Graham Sewell in his study of teams in an electronics organization
  • Control is maintained through electronic quality tests at various stages of an assembly process

Firm and Efficiency

  • Two necessary conditions for the emergence of the firm:
    • Increasing productivity through team-oriented production
    • Economical estimation of marginal productivity by observing or specifying input behavior

Corporate Culture

  • Ouchi's concept of clan control: managers take charge of cultural norms and expectations
  • Schein's theory: organizational cultures change when new values are introduced by top management and absorbed into unconscious assumptions
  • Members of the culture must personally experience the benefits of proposed new values for cultural change to take hold

Organizational Culture

  • Some researchers focus on the inconsistencies and flux in organizational cultures
  • Meyerson and Martin's image of organizational culture as fragmentation

Motivational Theory and Control Mechanisms

  • Scientific Management and Hawthorne experiments
  • Control mechanisms: individual monitoring, group incentive, participation, and partnership

Participation and Democracy

  • Chapter 8 focuses on participation and democracy in organizations
  • Power and incentive structures in organizations

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