Health Promotion and Prevention Strategies

Health Interventions and Primary Prevention

• Food Hygiene, Preventive immunizations, and Chemoprophylaxis are typical of primary prevention
• Community screening is not typical of primary prevention

Determinants of Health

• Socio-economic conditions, environment, and education are key determinants of health
• Healthcare, disease prevention, and rehabilitation are also important

Prevention Medicine and Health Promotion

• Prevention medicine and health promotion are not equal to masses
• Health protection is focused on the individual
• Specific prevention is aimed at the general population

Demographic Indicators

• Index Fritz 55 indicates a population with low life expectancy
• Index Fritz 79.94 and Sundbarg index 30.27 to 47.71 indicate a mature and stationary population
• Fritz Index and Sundbarg Index are demographic indicators

Life Birth and Fetal Mortality

• A live birth is considered when a child is born alive
• Fetal mortality refers to deaths from conception to birth
• Infant mortality refers to deaths from birth to 1 year

Maternal Mortality

• Maternal mortality includes deaths due to pregnancy-related causes
• Woman dies due to receiving drug treatment is not included in maternal mortality
• A 35-year-old pregnant woman who smokes, stops taking treatment because of pregnancy and dies is included in maternal mortality

Health Education

• The most receptive to health education are persons with acute diseases
• The indirect method of health education is not recommended to use at the beginning of programs
• Counselling is a method that requires new skills and is unidirectional
• Persuasive communication should be used with elderly adults

Primary Care and Health Promotion

• The Alma-Ata Conference is where the primary care tool was established
• Health promotion movement was born due to social inequalities in health worldwide
• The most cost-effective health education program is health education in the community

Primary Prevention

• Food Hygiene is a typical health intervention of primary prevention.
• Preventive immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis are also typical of primary prevention.

Determinants of Health

• Socio-economic conditions, environment, and education are key determinants of health for a community.
• Healthcare, disease prevention, and rehabilitation are also important determinants of health.

Health Promotion

• Health promotion is not equal to prevention medicine for the masses.
• Health protection is focused on the general population, not just the individual.

Index Fritz

• An Index Fritz of 55 indicates a population with high life expectancy.
• A higher Index Fritz indicates a population with low senile and juvenile dependency.

Census

• Census is not the responsibility of the Municipality.
• Variables collected during a census include those about residents, residences, and buildings.
• Census collection is individualized.

Health Indicators

• Gross birth rate is a good health indicator because it allows comparison between countries with similar social structures.
• A fertility rate of 2 indicates good prospects for the survival of the species in that country.
• The Swaroop Index measures the effectiveness of healthcare, with a higher percentage indicating worse healthcare.

Fetal Mortality

• Fetal mortality refers to mortality from conception to birth.

Population Index

• An Index Fritz of 79.94 and a Sundbarg index of 30.27 to 47.71 indicate a mature and stationary population respectively.
• An Index Fritz of 55 and a Sundbarg index of 47.71 to 79.94 indicate a young and progressive population respectively.

Maternal Mortality

• Maternal mortality includes cases where a woman dies due to pregnancy or childbirth complications, but not due to external factors like traffic accidents.

Infant Mortality

• Infant mortality rates vary by country, with rates ranging from 3 to 176 per 1000 live births.

Fertility Rate

• The general fertility rate measures the average number of children per woman at the end of reproductive life.
• The gross reproduction rate is another indicator of fertility.

Health Education

• Persons with acute diseases are more receptive to health education.
• The indirect method of health education is not recommended for conveying complex messages.
• Health education in the community is the most cost-effective program.

International Conferences

• The first international conference on primary care took place in Alma-ATA.

Health System Models

• The health system model with more equity and cost control is the National Health Service model.
• The healthcare system in France corresponds to the Bismarck model.

Health Care System

• The free market health model has competitive advantages established in research and new technologies.
• Specialized health care attention is provided in hospitals and offers a total/complete health con.