Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why did Columbus return to Spain in 1500?
Why did Columbus return to Spain in 1500?
- He was summoned to receive a hero's welcome.
- He was needed to mediate a conflict between settlers.
- He was invited by Ferdinand and Isabella for a celebration.
- He was accused of tyranny, brutality, and incompetence. (correct)
What was the outcome of Columbus's fourth voyage?
What was the outcome of Columbus's fourth voyage?
- He returned to Spain, but Isabella had died, and Ferdinand refused to meet him. (correct)
- He was met with resistance from the settlers.
- He discovered new lands and was hailed as a hero.
- He was able to regain control of the colony.
What was one of the special rights offered to settlers by Columbus?
What was one of the special rights offered to settlers by Columbus?
- The right to land and native labourers. (correct)
- The right to rebel against the governor.
- The right to trade with natives.
- The right to govern themselves.
Who replaced Columbus as governor of Isabela?
Who replaced Columbus as governor of Isabela?
What was the outcome of Columbus's trial?
What was the outcome of Columbus's trial?
What was the significance of the revolt at Santo Domingo?
What was the significance of the revolt at Santo Domingo?
Why did Columbus hang some Spaniards and natives?
Why did Columbus hang some Spaniards and natives?
Who accused Columbus of tyranny, brutality, and incompetence?
Who accused Columbus of tyranny, brutality, and incompetence?
What was the primary purpose of the encomienda system in the New World?
What was the primary purpose of the encomienda system in the New World?
What role did Catholic missionaries play in the New World?
What role did Catholic missionaries play in the New World?
What was the primary function of the governor in the New World?
What was the primary function of the governor in the New World?
What was the significance of the Laws of Burgos in 1512?
What was the significance of the Laws of Burgos in 1512?
What was the outcome of the encomienda system in practice?
What was the outcome of the encomienda system in practice?
What was taught to native populations by Catholic missionaries?
What was taught to native populations by Catholic missionaries?
What was the purpose of the Laws of Burgos in regulating the treatment of native populations?
What was the purpose of the Laws of Burgos in regulating the treatment of native populations?
What was the role of Spanish officials in the New World?
What was the role of Spanish officials in the New World?
Where did Columbus arrive first on his return to Europe?
Where did Columbus arrive first on his return to Europe?
Which treaty resolved the dispute between Portugal and Spain over the New World?
Which treaty resolved the dispute between Portugal and Spain over the New World?
Why did Portugal claim the right to rule the New World?
Why did Portugal claim the right to rule the New World?
Who intervened to resolve the dispute between Portugal and Spain?
Who intervened to resolve the dispute between Portugal and Spain?
Where did Columbus assemble a fleet of ships in preparation for war with Portugal?
Where did Columbus assemble a fleet of ships in preparation for war with Portugal?
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
What did Ferdinand and Isabella reject?
What did Ferdinand and Isabella reject?
Where did Columbus accompany Ferdinand and Isabella in triumph?
Where did Columbus accompany Ferdinand and Isabella in triumph?
What was the approximate number of men Cortes brought with him when he left Cuba?
What was the approximate number of men Cortes brought with him when he left Cuba?
What was the Aztec capital city, located in the centre of Lake Texcoco?
What was the Aztec capital city, located in the centre of Lake Texcoco?
What was the significant military advantage Cortes had over the native tribes?
What was the significant military advantage Cortes had over the native tribes?
Who became both Cortes's mistress and interpreter?
Who became both Cortes's mistress and interpreter?
What was the reason for Cortes's ability to meet and negotiate with the Aztecs?
What was the reason for Cortes's ability to meet and negotiate with the Aztecs?
What was the result of Cortes's battle against the native tribes in the Tabasco River?
What was the result of Cortes's battle against the native tribes in the Tabasco River?
What was the Aztec Empire's policy towards the rulers of the conquered cities?
What was the Aztec Empire's policy towards the rulers of the conquered cities?
What was the approximate population of the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlan?
What was the approximate population of the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlan?
What was the outcome of the ransom agreement between the Spanish and Atahuallpa?
What was the outcome of the ransom agreement between the Spanish and Atahuallpa?
Why did the Spanish install Manco as the new Inca emperor?
Why did the Spanish install Manco as the new Inca emperor?
What was the immediate result of Manco's escape from the Spanish?
What was the immediate result of Manco's escape from the Spanish?
What was the outcome of the siege of Cuzco?
What was the outcome of the siege of Cuzco?
What was the ratio of Inca warriors to Spanish and native allies during the siege of Cuzco?
What was the ratio of Inca warriors to Spanish and native allies during the siege of Cuzco?
What was the reason for the Inca revolt against the Spanish?
What was the reason for the Inca revolt against the Spanish?
What was the method used by the Inca warriors to try to drive out the Spanish from Cuzco?
What was the method used by the Inca warriors to try to drive out the Spanish from Cuzco?
What was the charge brought against Atahuallpa by the Spanish?
What was the charge brought against Atahuallpa by the Spanish?
Study Notes
Columbus and the Caribbean
- Columbus returned to Spain in 1493, arriving in Lisbon, Portugal, and then in Palos, Spain, where he was congratulated by Ferdinand and Isabella
- Portugal claimed the New World, citing the Treaty of Alcacovas of 1479, but Ferdinand and Isabella rejected this claim
- The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 resolved the dispute between Spain and Portugal
Columbus's Governance of the New World
- Columbus was unable to control the Spanish settlers in the New World, leading to conflict and rebellion
- He was criticized for his governance and accused of tyranny, brutality, and incompetence
- Francisco de Bobadilla was sent to replace Columbus as governor in 1500, and Columbus was returned to Spain in chains to face trial
The Laws of Burgos (1512)
- The Laws of Burgos were established to regulate the treatment of native populations in the New World
- Missionaries were used to convert natives to Christianity and teach them reading and writing
- The laws allowed Spanish officials to punish natives who broke the laws and regulated the native population's work hours
- The laws also maintained the encomienda system, which turned natives into de facto slaves
Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico
- Cortes landed in Mexico in 1519, claiming it for Spain, and proceeded to the Tabasco River, where he won a battle against the native tribes
- He was given 20 young native women, including Malinche, who became his mistress and interpreter
- Cortes was able to negotiate with the Aztecs and meet Montezuma, the ruler of the Aztec Empire
Pizarro's Conquest of Peru
- Pizarro executed Atahuallpa, the Inca ruler, in 1533, after he was accused of plotting against the Spanish
- Pizarro installed Manco, Atahuallpa's half-brother, on the throne, leading to the Inca revolt and the siege of Cuzco
- The Spanish saw Manco as a puppet king who would rule on their behalf
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