geography earthquakes
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the point directly above the focus on the earth's crust?

  • Fault line
  • Seismograph
  • Epicentre (correct)
  • Seismic waves

    • Which device is used to measure the movements of an earthquake?

  • Seismograph (correct)
  • Epicentre
  • Fault line
  • Focus

    • Where do seismic waves originate during an earthquake?

  • Fault line
  • Focus (correct)
  • Epicentre
  • Seismograph

    • What is a tiny crack in the Earth's crust where earthquakes are likely to occur?

    <p>Fault line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is not related to the specific definitions provided in the Earthquake Glossary?

    <p>Milli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the vibrations during an earthquake?

    <p>Movements within tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to contribute to the occurrence of an earthquake?

    <p>Tornadoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the exact location under the earth's surface where an earthquake begins?

    <p>Focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a common hazard associated with earthquakes?

    <p>Radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of injuries during an earthquake?

    <p>Poor building infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

    <p>Richter Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of buildings are designed to resist earthquakes by incorporating weights in their roofs?

    <p>Earthquake-proof buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not directly measured by the seismograph?

    <p>Effect of the earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Mercalli Scale?

    <p>It measures the effect of an earthquake through observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a preparation measure for earthquakes?

    <p>Practicing drills in public buildings and schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the earthquake preparation measures mentioned?

    <p>Torrential rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of tropical storms?

    <p>Low pressure wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the practice drills conducted by school children for earthquake preparation?

    <p>Five evacuation drills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hazard from tropical storms is NOT listed?

    <p>Landslide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is likely included in the design of earthquake-proof buildings?

    <p>Shutter proof yards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a seismograph?

    <p>To measure the magnitude of seismic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

    <p>Richter Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with the Mercalli Scale?

    <p>It uses a 12-point rule to observe the effect of an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are emergency services pre-suited for earthquake preparation?

    <p>To ensure rapid response during emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT associated with earthquake-proof buildings?

    <p>Heat-resistant materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the minimum estimated death toll in Jemen due to earthquakes?

    <p>15,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How high was the severe viris that caused significant flooding?

    <p>9 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the maximum height of the tsunamis mentioned?

    <p>60 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of environmental hazards is being discussed?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which section would you find measures to mitigate the impact of the discussed hazards?

    <p>Earthquake Preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors primarily causes the rotational motion of a tropical storm?

    <p>Coriolis effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical wind speed of a tropical storm as noted in the text?

    <p>120 km/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tropical storm?

    <p>High pressure system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to high wind speeds, what is another significant hazard of tropical storms?

    <p>Storm surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the atmospheric conditions at the centre of a tropical storm?

    <p>Low pressure with high wind speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of weights in earthquake-proof buildings?

    <p>To make the buildings sway less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Mercalli Scale measure?

    <p>The effect of an earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is not typical of a tropical storm?

    <p>Seismic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Saffir Simpson Scale based on?

    <p>Sustained wind speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emergency drill is commonly practiced by school children to prepare for earthquakes?

    <p>Evacuation drills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what sea temperature do tropical storms typically start to form?

    <p>At least 27 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which latitude range is most associated with the formation of tropical storms?

    <p>5 and 30 latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric phenomenon forms large cumulonimbus clouds during tropical storm formation?

    <p>Warm air rising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs in the eye of a tropical storm?

    <p>Cold air sinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season are tropical sea temperatures typically highest, aiding in storm formation?

    <p>Early autumn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is influenced by the Coriolis effect in a tropical storm?

    <p>The shifting motion of the storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What wind speed categorizes a tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale?

    <p>120 km/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of tropical storms?

    <p>Torrential rain and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Saffir-Simpson scale classify tropical storms?

    <p>Using wind speeds and surrounding destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with tropical storms?

    <p>Heavy snowfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earthquakes

    • Shifting/vibration of the earth's crust occurs due to the movement of tectonic plates
    • Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs (focus) and directly above it (epicentre) on the earth's crust
    • Hazards and risks: Death, Injuries

    Earthquake Glossary

    • Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs
    • Epicentre: Directly above the focus on the earth's crust
    • Seismic waves: Start out at the focus and travel through the earth
    • Seismograph: Measures the earthquake's movements
    • Fault line: Where the earth's crust is cracked, and earthquakes are likely to occur

    Seismic Waves

    • Start out at the focus and travel through the earth
    • Measures the earthquake's movements

    Seismograph

    • Measures the earthquake's movements

    Fault Line

    • Where the earth's crust is cracked, and earthquakes are likely to occur

    Richter Scale

    • Measures the magnitude of an earthquake event
    • Every point increase is 10 times more powerful
    • Recorded using seismographs

    Mercalli Scale

    • Measures the effect of an earthquake on a 12-point scale
    • Observational scale of the effects

    Earthquake Preparation

    • Hospitals, emergency services, and residents practice
    • Drills in public buildings
    • School children practice evacuation like fire drills

    Earthquake Proof Buildings

    • Flutter-proof roofs
    • Weights in the roof to prevent swaying
    • Shock absorbers

    Hazards and Impacts of Earthquakes

    • Deaths
    • Injuries
    • Tsunamis

    Case Study Examples

    • Haiti - 2010
    • Japan - 2011 - over 15,000 deaths

    Tropical Storm Characteristics

    • Low pressure centre
    • High wind speed (120 km/h)
    • Evolving motion, Coriolis effect

    Hazards and Impacts of Tropical Storms

    • Storm Surge
    • Strong wind (120 km/h)
    • Torrential rain and floods

    Saffir-Simpson Scale

    • 1 to 5 points, indicative of wind speed
    • Surrounding destruction, wind speeds

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