50 Questions
What is the term for the point directly above the focus on the earth's crust?
Epicentre
Which device is used to measure the movements of an earthquake?
Seismograph
Where do seismic waves originate during an earthquake?
Focus
What is a tiny crack in the Earth's crust where earthquakes are likely to occur?
Fault line
Which of the following terms is not related to the specific definitions provided in the Earthquake Glossary?
Milli
What primarily causes the vibrations during an earthquake?
Movements within tectonic plates
Which factor is least likely to contribute to the occurrence of an earthquake?
Tornadoes
Which term refers to the exact location under the earth's surface where an earthquake begins?
Focus
Which is NOT a common hazard associated with earthquakes?
Radiation exposure
What is the primary cause of injuries during an earthquake?
Poor building infrastructure
Which instrument is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
Richter Scale
What type of buildings are designed to resist earthquakes by incorporating weights in their roofs?
Earthquake-proof buildings
Which factor is not directly measured by the seismograph?
Effect of the earthquake
What is the function of the Mercalli Scale?
It measures the effect of an earthquake through observations
Which of the following is a preparation measure for earthquakes?
Practicing drills in public buildings and schools
Which of the following is NOT part of the earthquake preparation measures mentioned?
Torrential rain
What is one characteristic of tropical storms?
Low pressure wave
Which of the following best describes the practice drills conducted by school children for earthquake preparation?
Five evacuation drills
Which hazard from tropical storms is NOT listed?
Landslide
Which component is likely included in the design of earthquake-proof buildings?
Shutter proof yards
What is the primary function of a seismograph?
To measure the magnitude of seismic waves
Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
Richter Scale
What characteristic is associated with the Mercalli Scale?
It uses a 12-point rule to observe the effect of an earthquake.
Why are emergency services pre-suited for earthquake preparation?
To ensure rapid response during emergencies
Which feature is NOT associated with earthquake-proof buildings?
Heat-resistant materials
What was the minimum estimated death toll in Jemen due to earthquakes?
15,000
How high was the severe viris that caused significant flooding?
9 meters
What was the maximum height of the tsunamis mentioned?
60 meters
What category of environmental hazards is being discussed?
Earthquakes
In which section would you find measures to mitigate the impact of the discussed hazards?
Earthquake Preparation
Which of the following factors primarily causes the rotational motion of a tropical storm?
Coriolis effect
What is the typical wind speed of a tropical storm as noted in the text?
120 km/h
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tropical storm?
High pressure system
In addition to high wind speeds, what is another significant hazard of tropical storms?
Storm surge
Which of the following best describes the atmospheric conditions at the centre of a tropical storm?
Low pressure with high wind speeds
What is the purpose of weights in earthquake-proof buildings?
To make the buildings sway less
What does the Mercalli Scale measure?
The effect of an earthquake
Which characteristic is not typical of a tropical storm?
Seismic activity
What is the Saffir Simpson Scale based on?
Sustained wind speed
Which emergency drill is commonly practiced by school children to prepare for earthquakes?
Evacuation drills
At what sea temperature do tropical storms typically start to form?
At least 27 °C
Which latitude range is most associated with the formation of tropical storms?
5 and 30 latitude
What atmospheric phenomenon forms large cumulonimbus clouds during tropical storm formation?
Warm air rising
What process occurs in the eye of a tropical storm?
Cold air sinks
During which season are tropical sea temperatures typically highest, aiding in storm formation?
Early autumn
Which of the following is influenced by the Coriolis effect in a tropical storm?
The shifting motion of the storm
What wind speed categorizes a tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale?
120 km/h
What is a common consequence of tropical storms?
Torrential rain and floods
How does the Saffir-Simpson scale classify tropical storms?
Using wind speeds and surrounding destruction
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with tropical storms?
Heavy snowfall
Study Notes
Earthquakes
- Shifting/vibration of the earth's crust occurs due to the movement of tectonic plates
- Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs (focus) and directly above it (epicentre) on the earth's crust
- Hazards and risks: Death, Injuries
Earthquake Glossary
- Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs
- Epicentre: Directly above the focus on the earth's crust
- Seismic waves: Start out at the focus and travel through the earth
- Seismograph: Measures the earthquake's movements
- Fault line: Where the earth's crust is cracked, and earthquakes are likely to occur
Seismic Waves
- Start out at the focus and travel through the earth
- Measures the earthquake's movements
Seismograph
- Measures the earthquake's movements
Fault Line
- Where the earth's crust is cracked, and earthquakes are likely to occur
Richter Scale
- Measures the magnitude of an earthquake event
- Every point increase is 10 times more powerful
- Recorded using seismographs
Mercalli Scale
- Measures the effect of an earthquake on a 12-point scale
- Observational scale of the effects
Earthquake Preparation
- Hospitals, emergency services, and residents practice
- Drills in public buildings
- School children practice evacuation like fire drills
Earthquake Proof Buildings
- Flutter-proof roofs
- Weights in the roof to prevent swaying
- Shock absorbers
Hazards and Impacts of Earthquakes
- Deaths
- Injuries
- Tsunamis
Case Study Examples
- Haiti - 2010
- Japan - 2011 - over 15,000 deaths
Tropical Storm Characteristics
- Low pressure centre
- High wind speed (120 km/h)
- Evolving motion, Coriolis effect
Hazards and Impacts of Tropical Storms
- Storm Surge
- Strong wind (120 km/h)
- Torrential rain and floods
Saffir-Simpson Scale
- 1 to 5 points, indicative of wind speed
- Surrounding destruction, wind speeds
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