History Final

American Civil War

• Jefferson Finis Davis was elected as the first and only President of the Confederate States of America.
• The American Civil War began at Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.
• The election of Lincoln provoked the last four Southern states to leave the Union.
• Lincoln considered Kentucky to be the most important border state, stating that to lose it was equivalent to losing the war.

International Relations

• Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine.
• The United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867, known as "Seward's Folly".

Reconstruction and Civil Rights

• The Union victory at Vicksburg gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union.
• Union general William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" campaign is considered a prime example of total warfare.
• Former slaves who left the Deep South and moved to Kansas in the immediate years following the Civil War were called "Exodusters".
• The 14th Amendment guaranteed Citizenship, equal protection, and due process rights to all persons.
• The Compromise of 1877 resulted in the national government pulling the last federal troops out of the South, effectively ending the Reconstruction.
• The Supreme Court ruled in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case that racial segregation was constitutional as long as the separate facilities provided to each race were equal.
• W.E.B. Du Bois believed that a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites.

Business and Industry

• Andrew Carnegie was historically associated with the Steel industry.
• John D. Rockefeller was historically associated with the Oil industry.
• Cornelius Vanderbilt was historically associated with the Shipping and Railroad industry.
• J.P. Morgan was historically associated with the Banking and Finance industry.
• Thomas Edison was historically associated with Electricity and Inventions.

Immigration and Urbanization

• The New Immigrants who came to the US after 1880 were primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe.
• Major urban areas faced problems such as Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and increased crime rates during the New Immigration Period.

Native American Policy and Westward Expansion

• The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote the assimilation of Native Americans.
• The Homestead Act was primarily intended to encourage westward expansion and settlement.

Imperialism and Foreign Policy

• The major factor in the shift in American policy toward imperialism in the late 19th century was economic interests, particularly the need for new markets and raw materials.
• The Treaty of Paris (1898) granted the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
• The Roosevelt Corollary was specifically designed to assert U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere by stating that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American countries to preserve order and stability.

Social Reform and Politics

• Muckrakers believed their primary function was to expose social injustices, corruption, and other issues in American society.
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire prompted public outcry against building regulations, sweatshops, and working conditions.
• The 18th amendment prohibited the sale, consumption, and possession of alcohol.
• Theodore Roosevelt is considered to be the 1st modern US President.