Quiz 9
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Questions and Answers

How do retroviruses work?

  • they carry RNA that is transcribed into DNA for genomic integration using reverse transcriptase (correct)
  • they carry DNA for insertion into the genome
  • they jump from one site of the genome to another location at random
  • All of the above

    • A mutation in the ___________ of the gene encoding the enzyme lactase enables expression of this gene in adults.

  • regulatory sequence (correct)
  • coding sequence
  • exon
  • intron

    • A SNP is________.

  • a tandem dimer mutation
  • a protein mislocalization
  • a gene duplication
  • a single nucleotide polymorphism which causes slighlty different traits in individuals. (correct)

    • Which of the following mechanisms for genetic change involves the acquisition of genetic material from another organism?

    <p>horizontal transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining difference between viruses and mobile genetic elements?

    <p>Viruses can leave the cell and move to other cells and organisms; mobile genetic elements generally just move around the genome within in a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Germline mutations that are deleterious are likely to

    <p>be lost from a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total size of the human genome is approximately ___________ base pairs.

    <p>3.2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gene duplications arise?

    <p>DNA replication causes misalignment of repetitive sequences which then leads to unequal crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A relatively small number of ________gave rise to eukaryotic protein diversity.

    <p>exons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mobile genetic elements_______.

    <p>encode the components they need for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Retroviruses and Genetic Elements

    • Retroviruses work by inserting their genetic material into the host genome, allowing them to replicate and propagate
    • A mutation in the promoter of the gene encoding the enzyme lactase enables its expression in adults

    SNPs and Genetic Change

    • A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is a variation in a single nucleotide in a genome
    • Horizontal gene transfer, where genetic material is acquired from another organism, is a mechanism for genetic change
    • This process involves the direct transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical inheritance

    Viruses vs Mobile Genetic Elements

    • A key difference between viruses and mobile genetic elements is that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host cell to replicate, whereas mobile genetic elements can move within a genome without the need for a host

    Germline Mutations

    • Deleterious germline mutations are likely to reduce an individual's fitness and may be selected against

    Human Genome

    • The total size of the human genome is approximately 3.2 billion base pairs

    Gene Duplications

    • Gene duplications arise through errors during DNA replication, such as unequal crossing over or duplication of a segment of DNA
    • These duplications can provide the raw material for the evolution of new genes and proteins

    Eukaryotic Protein Diversity

    • A relatively small number of domain combinations gave rise to eukaryotic protein diversity

    Mobile Genetic Elements

    • Mobile genetic elements, such as transposons, can move around a genome, influencing gene expression and contributing to genetic variation

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