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Questions and Answers
How do retroviruses work?
How do retroviruses work?
- they carry RNA that is transcribed into DNA for genomic integration using reverse transcriptase (correct)
- they carry DNA for insertion into the genome
- they jump from one site of the genome to another location at random
- All of the above
A mutation in the ___________ of the gene encoding the enzyme lactase enables expression of this gene in adults.
A mutation in the ___________ of the gene encoding the enzyme lactase enables expression of this gene in adults.
- regulatory sequence (correct)
- coding sequence
- exon
- intron
A SNP is________.
A SNP is________.
- a tandem dimer mutation
- a protein mislocalization
- a gene duplication
- a single nucleotide polymorphism which causes slighlty different traits in individuals. (correct)
Which of the following mechanisms for genetic change involves the acquisition of genetic material from another organism?
Which of the following mechanisms for genetic change involves the acquisition of genetic material from another organism?
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What is a defining difference between viruses and mobile genetic elements?
What is a defining difference between viruses and mobile genetic elements?
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Germline mutations that are deleterious are likely to
Germline mutations that are deleterious are likely to
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The total size of the human genome is approximately ___________ base pairs.
The total size of the human genome is approximately ___________ base pairs.
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How do gene duplications arise?
How do gene duplications arise?
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A relatively small number of ________gave rise to eukaryotic protein diversity.
A relatively small number of ________gave rise to eukaryotic protein diversity.
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Mobile genetic elements_______.
Mobile genetic elements_______.
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Study Notes
Retroviruses and Genetic Elements
- Retroviruses work by inserting their genetic material into the host genome, allowing them to replicate and propagate
- A mutation in the promoter of the gene encoding the enzyme lactase enables its expression in adults
SNPs and Genetic Change
- A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is a variation in a single nucleotide in a genome
- Horizontal gene transfer, where genetic material is acquired from another organism, is a mechanism for genetic change
- This process involves the direct transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical inheritance
Viruses vs Mobile Genetic Elements
- A key difference between viruses and mobile genetic elements is that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host cell to replicate, whereas mobile genetic elements can move within a genome without the need for a host
Germline Mutations
- Deleterious germline mutations are likely to reduce an individual's fitness and may be selected against
Human Genome
- The total size of the human genome is approximately 3.2 billion base pairs
Gene Duplications
- Gene duplications arise through errors during DNA replication, such as unequal crossing over or duplication of a segment of DNA
- These duplications can provide the raw material for the evolution of new genes and proteins
Eukaryotic Protein Diversity
- A relatively small number of domain combinations gave rise to eukaryotic protein diversity
Mobile Genetic Elements
- Mobile genetic elements, such as transposons, can move around a genome, influencing gene expression and contributing to genetic variation
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