mechanisms of bacterial virulence

protiens encoded by a bacteria essential for its pathogenicity

transmission, adherence, invasion, host survival and tissue damage

fibrae/pilli - stick to the surface of host cells, adhesion proteins on pilli bind ligands on the host surface. exopolysacharise - consists of monosacharides and are secreted by bacteria into the environment, hydrophobic and can displace water between the host cell and the bacterium allowing closer contact. invasive enzymes - coagulase: coagulates fibrinogen, kinases: digest fibrin clots, collagenase: hydrolises collagen connective tissue and IgA proteases - destroy IgA antibodies

<p>toxins located within the bacterial cell that cause activation of the innate immune system. eg. LPS, when a gram negative bacteria is injected by a macrophage, its degraded in a vacuole and endotoxins are released triggering cytokine release from the macrophage which travels through the bloodstream to the hypothalamus triggering prostaglandin production which raises the body temperature and causes fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>toxins secreted by bacteria and released outside of the cell causing damage by modulating vital signalling pathways and causing membrane damage. 1. single polypeptide toxins , multiple polypeptide toxin complexes, small drug-like molecules and toxins injected by secretion systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a macromolecular needle formed from the flagella which extends from the bacterial cytoplasm into the host cell membrane. protein toxins (effectors) are injected into the cytoplasm. used by many gram negative bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>indirect inhibition, direct inhibition, induction of apoptosis and survival in the phagocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers