Med Terms 3

35 Questions

difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia

free discharge of thin nasal mucus

Rhinorrhea

coughing out/expectoration of blood/bloody sputum from the lungs

Hemoptysis

vomiting of blood

Hematemesis

increased carbon dioxide level in the blood

Hypercapnia

breathing in slowly through the nose for 2 counts with mouth closed then breathing out slowly for 4 counts through the lips

Pursed lip breathing

increased antero-posterior chest diameter where ribs appear horizontal at an angle greater than 45 degrees with the spinal column

Barrel chest

funnel-shaped chest, depressed lower sternum

Pectus excavatum

pigeon chest; anteriorly displaced sternum

Pectus carinatum

abnormally increased inward curvature of the lower region of the spine

Lordosis

excessive outward curvature of the thoracic region of the spine

Kyphosis

lateral deviation of the spine

Scoliosis

characterized by elevation of the scapula and a corresponding S-shaped spine. This deformity limits lung expansion within the thorax. It may occur with osteoporosis and other skeletal disorders that affect the thorax.

Kyphoscoliosis

accumulation of air in the lungs

Pneumothorax

accumulation of fluids in the lungs

Pleural effusion

consolidation of lung tissues commonly caused by bacterial or viral infection

Pneumonia

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

A sound heard over an artery or vascular channel, reflecting turbulence of flow. Most commonly caused by abnormal narrowing of an artery.

Bruit

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

enlargement of the liver

Hepatomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

Splenomegaly

a rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestine

Borborygmi

absence of muscle tone

Atonic muscles

ROM

range of motion

strong outward thrust of the chest walls during systole along left sternal border (RVH)

Heave

openings are narrowed, increased velocity of blood flow, audible vibration

Murmur

palpable vibration over the precordium; these are the vibrations of loud cardiac murmurs. They feel like the throat of a purring cat. occur with turbulent blood flow.

Thrill

visible vibration over the precordium; these are forceful cardiac contractions that cause a slight to vigorous movement of sternum and ribs.

Lift or heaves

these are more visible when patients are thin. A thick chest wall or increased AP diameter can obscure them. may indicate increased blood volume or pressure.

Pulsations

enlargement of the heart

Cardiomegaly

abnormal dilation of the blood vessel, commonly at the site of a weakness or a tear in the vessel wall

Aneurysm

narrowing or constriction of the diameter of an artery

Stenosis

formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel

Thrombosis

hardening or thickening of the arterial walls causing insufficient blood flow

Arteriosclerosis

excessive development of the breast in male

Gynecomastia

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Difficulty swallowing is a symptom related to respiratory issues
Free discharge of thin nasal mucus may indicate respiratory problems
Coughing out or expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs is a severe symptom
Vomiting of blood is a critical symptom related to respiratory issues
Increased carbon dioxide level in the blood is a sign of respiratory distress
Breathing exercises, such as breathing in slowly through the nose and out through the lips, can help with respiratory issues

Thoracic Cage Deformities

Increased antero-posterior chest diameter, where ribs appear horizontal at an angle greater than 45 degrees with the spinal column, is a deformity
Funnel-shaped chest and depressed lower sternum are types of thoracic cage deformities
Pigeon chest, characterized by an anteriorly displaced sternum, is another type of deformity
Abnormally increased inward curvature of the lower region of the spine is a type of deformity
Excessive outward curvature of the thoracic region of the spine is another type of deformity
Lateral deviation of the spine and elevation of the scapula with an S-shaped spine can limit lung expansion

Respiratory Disorders

Accumulation of air in the lungs is a condition that can lead to respiratory distress
Accumulation of fluids in the lungs is a life-threatening condition
Consolidation of lung tissues, commonly caused by bacterial or viral infections, is a serious condition
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a progressive lung disease

Cardiovascular System

A sound heard over an artery or vascular channel, reflecting turbulence of flow, is a sign of abnormal narrowing of an artery
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is a sign of cardiovascular distress
Enlargement of the liver and spleen are signs of cardiovascular disease
A rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestine is a sign of gastrointestinal issues
Absence of muscle tone is a sign of neurological disorders

Cardiac Conditions

Strong outward thrust of the chest walls during systole along the left sternal border is a sign of RVH (Right Ventricular Hypertrophy)
Openings are narrowed, increasing velocity of blood flow, which can cause audible vibrations
Palpable vibration over the precordium is a sign of loud cardiac murmurs
Visible vibration over the precordium is a sign of forceful cardiac contractions
Enlargement of the heart is a sign of cardiovascular disease
Abnormal dilation of the blood vessel is a sign of cardiovascular disease
Narrowing or constriction of the diameter of an artery is a sign of cardiovascular disease
Formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel is a life-threatening condition
Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls causing insufficient blood flow is a sign of cardiovascular disease
Excessive development of the breast in male is a sign of hormonal imbalance

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