General Organic Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

Why do aromatic compounds with nucleophilic groups bonded directly to the aromatic ring not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under ordinary conditions?

  • Due to the high electronegativity of the leaving group.
  • Due to the presence of a π bond on the key atom of the functional group. (correct)
  • Because of the electron-donating nature of the aromatic ring.
  • Because the nucleophilic group is sterically hindered.

What is the order of reactivity of alkyl halides in SN1 reactions?

  • Methyl > 1° > 2° > 3°
  • 3° > 2° > 1° > methyl (correct)
  • 1° > 2° > 3° > methyl
  • 2° > 1° > 3° > methyl

What is the rate-determining step in an SN2 reaction?

  • The dissociation of the leaving group.
  • The formation of a transition state. (correct)
  • The back-side attack of the nucleophile on the substrate.
  • The collision between the substrate and nucleophile.

What is the key difference between SN1 and SN2 reactions in terms of molecularity?

<p>SN1 is unimolecular, while SN2 is bimolecular. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do aromatic rings exhibit low nucleophilic character?

<p>Due to the delocalization of electrons in the ring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stereochemical outcome of an SN2 reaction?

<p>Complete inversion of configuration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of formation of benzyne intermediate?

<p>Dehydrohalogenation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the ground state of nitrenes?

<p>Triplet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactivity of benzyne intermediate?

<p>Dienophilic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of Hofmann-bromamide reaction?

<p>Isocyanate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium hydroxide in Hofmann-bromamide reaction?

<p>Acts as a base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of generation of nitrenes mentioned in the text?

<p>By action of Br2 in presence of a base on a 1 o amide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybridization of a carbocation?

<p>sp2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stability order of carbanions?

<p>Ph3C &gt; Ph2CH &gt; PhCH2 &gt; PhCH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnetic property of a carbocation?

<p>Paramagnetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a carbene in its triplet state?

<p>Linear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the aryne intermediate?

<p>A neutral reaction intermediate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the simplest member of the aryne family?

<p>Benzyne (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of an E2 reaction, according to Saytzeff rule?

<p>The most substituted alkene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does rearrangement not take place in E2 reactions?

<p>Because the reaction occurs in one step, prohibiting rearrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the polar aprotic solvent in an E2 reaction?

<p>To stabilize the transition state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the product in a β-elimination reaction?

<p>The product is oriented in a way that the most substituted alkene is formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the product obtained by elimination of H from the β-carbon having the least number of hydrogen?

<p>The product is the most substituted alkene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the product formation in E1 and E2 reactions?

<p>E1 reactions only follow Saytzeff rule, while E2 reactions can follow both Saytzeff and Hofmann rules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given E2 reaction, what is the role of the base?

<p>The base helps in the formation of the transition state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the product formed in E2 reactions according to Hofmann rule?

<p>The product is always the least substituted alkene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate law expression for an E2 reaction?

<p>Rate ∝ [Substrate] [Base] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between E1 and E2 reactions?

<p>E1 reactions are unimolecular, while E2 reactions are bimolecular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the β-carbon in the given reaction?

<p>The β-carbon has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for an alkene to undergo an addition reaction according to Markownikoff's rule?

<p>Alkene should be unsymmetrical. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a strong -I group on the addition reaction of an unsymmetrical alkene?

<p>It promotes the addition reaction according to Anti-Markownikoff's rule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the polarity of the carbon-oxygen double bond in a carbonyl group?

<p>Due to the presence of a strongly electronegative oxygen atom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of addition reaction that occurs when a nucleophile attacks the carbon atom of a carbonyl group?

<p>Nucleophilic addition reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the electronegative oxygen atom on the carbon atom of a carbonyl group?

<p>It makes the carbon atom electron-deficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the example of a nucleophilic addition reaction mentioned in the text?

<p>The addition of HCN to acetone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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