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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the oblique muscle in the stomach?

It protects the surface of the stomach from gastric acids

It originates the churning movement (correct)

It forms the gastric canal

It forms the pyloric sphincter

What is the layer of thin muscle fibers found in the mucosa of the stomach?

Longitudinal muscle layer

Oblique muscle layer

Muscularis mucosae (correct)

Auerbach plexus

What is the color of the gastric mucosa in living people, except at the pylorus?

White

Red

Brown (correct)

Pink

What is the temporary groove formed between the longitudinal gastric folds of the lesser curvature during swallowing?

Gastric canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of connective tissue found in the mucosa of the stomach?

Lamina propria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mucosa in the stomach?

To protect the surface of the stomach from gastric acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that covers the external surface of the stomach?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the plexus found between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers?

Auerbach plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the fundus in supine position?

At the 6th left rib Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the body of the stomach?

Cylindrical Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac notch?

The limit between the esophagus and fundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the gastric bubble?

A gas bubble in the stomach due to food, liquid, or gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyloric antrum?

The wider part of the pyloric part Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pylorus?

To regulate the outflow of chyme to the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the cardia in supine position?

At the level of T11 vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the cardial orifice?

The cardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the pyloric part?

Funnel-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is inferiorly limited by the horizontal plane of the cardial orifice?

The fundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the barium contrast stopping momentarily before entering the stomach?

To keep the esophagus collapsed between meals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the line where the mucosa suddenly changes histologically from esophageal mucosa to gastric mucosa?

Z-line Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the abdominal esophagus?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains the esophagus?

Left gastric vein Signup and view all the answers

Where does the left gastric artery originate from?

Celiac trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the temporary halt of the barium contrast before entering the stomach?

To prevent reflux of stomach acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscular ring that separates the esophagus and stomach?

Lower esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the stomach where the esophagus enters?

Cardia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stomach Parts

The cardia surrounds the cardial orifice, the inlet of the stomach, and is located at the level of T11 vertebra in a supine position.
The body is the largest part of the stomach, located between the fundus and pyloric part, and has a cylindrical shape.
The fundus is the superior part of the stomach, related to the left dome of the diaphragm, and is located at the 6th left rib in a supine position.
The pyloric part is the exit of the stomach, with a funnel shape, and consists of the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, and pylorus.

Pyloric Part

The pyloric antrum is the wider part of the pyloric canal, also known as the pyloric vestibule.
The pyloric canal is a narrow tunnel from the vestibule to the pylorus.
The pylorus is a sphincter formed by a thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle.
The pylorus regulates the outflow of chyme to the duodenum when the intragastric pressure is higher than the resistance of the pylorus.
The pylorus is normally contracted, but gastric peristalsis pushes the chyme through the canal at irregular intervals.

Muscle Layers

The oblique muscle layer originates the churning movement.
The circular muscle layer forms the pyloric sphincter.
The longitudinal muscle layer is the external layer.
The Auerbach plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers.

Serosa and Mucosa

The serosa is the visceral peritoneum.
The mucosa consists of an epithelium, a lamina propria of connective tissue, and a layer of thin muscle fibers called muscularis mucosae.
The mucosa protects the surface of the stomach from gastric acids.
The mucosa has many folds, most marked at the pylorus and the greater curvature.
The mucosa has many small holes, which are the openings of the glandular ducts.
The color of the gastric mucosa is brown in living people, except for the pylorus, which is pink.

Gastric Canal and Z-Line

The gastric canal or Swiss tie is a temporary groove formed between the longitudinal gastric folds of the lesser curvature during swallowing.
The gastric canal is formed due to the lack of oblique layer of muscle in this site.
The Z-line is the line where the mucosa suddenly changes histologically from esophageal mucosa to gastric mucosa.

Vessels of the Abdominal Esophagus

The arterial supply of the abdominal esophagus is from the left gastric artery, which originates from the celiac trunk.
The venous drainage of the abdominal esophagus is through submucosal veins that can follow two paths: the left gastric vein and the hepatic portal vein.

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