5 Questions
What is the characteristic of Stage 1 sleep according to EEG patterns?
Reducing unorganized alpha waves
What is the primary characteristic of REM sleep in terms of EEG patterns?
Random brain waves
What is the characteristic of Stage 3 or 4 sleep according to EEG patterns?
Delta waves
What is the characteristic of Stage 2 sleep according to EEG patterns?
Sleep spindles and k-complex
What is the characteristic of wakefulness according to EEG patterns?
Beta waves
Study Notes
Sleep Measurement
- Polysomnography (PSG) is used to measure sleep
- Electrooculography (EOG) measures eye movements during sleep
- One eye moves towards the electrode, while the other moves away, causing an amplitude deflection
Brain Waves
- 1875: Dr. Richard Caton recorded electrical activity of exposed cerebral hemispheres
- 1929: Hans Berger recorded brain waves in humans, naming it Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Brain electrical activity is recorded using a string galvanometer on a light-sensitive plate
- Alpha rhythm disappears when a person falls asleep, making it a primary marker of sleep
Sleep Stages
- 5 distinct stages of sleep based on EEG patterns:
- Awake: Beta waves
- Stage 1: Theta waves, reducing unorganized alpha waves
- Stage 2: Sleep spindles, k-complex (big distinct wave)
- Stage 3 or 4: Delta waves (REM), slow waves (1-4 cycles per second)
- REM Sleep: Random brain waves, resembling wakefulness
Sleep Across the Lifespan
- Infants spend most of their time asleep
- By 10 years old, they only receive about 10 hours of sleep
- Sleep duration decreases with age
- Recommended sleep hours:
- 18-25 years old: 7-9 hours
- 65+ years old: 7-8 hours
- Less REM sleep as people get older
Sleep Consolidation
- Childhood: Sleep consolidates, sleep duration decreases, and intense slow-wave sleep builds as connections are made between neurons
- REM sleep paralysis occurs during birth and conception
- Eye movements can be detected at 24 weeks in the womb
Test your knowledge of the different stages of sleep, including awake, stage 1-4, and REM sleep, and their corresponding EEG patterns such as beta waves, theta waves, sleep spindles, and delta waves. Identify the characteristics of each stage and how they are distinguished from one another. Learn about the distinct brain waves that occur during each stage of sleep.
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