Acute Cholecystitis and Complications

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Questions and Answers

Which bacterial species, considered normal flora in the small intestine, can play a minor role in acute cholecystitis?

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae (correct)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is a risk factor for cholecystitis according to the text?

  • Not having children
  • Male gender
  • Younger than 30 years old
  • Obesity (correct)

What is part of Charcot’s triad associated with cholangitis?

  • LUQ pain & fever
  • LLQ pain & anemia
  • Epigastric pain & diarrhea
  • RUQ pain & jaundice (correct)

What does the pathophysiology of cholecystitis involve?

<p>Obstruction of bile outflow by gallbladder stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group is at a higher risk of developing cholelithiasis according to the text?

<p>Multiparous women above 40 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the flow of venous blood in the chest get impeded during active straining?

<p>Due to increased intrathoracic pressure causing the large veins to collapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of cholecystitis if left untreated?

<p>Peritonitis &amp; pancreatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atria and ventricles when they receive less blood due to impeded venous flow?

<p>They deliver fewer blood during systolic contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs almost immediately after a period of hypotension during active straining?

<p>A drop in arterial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with hypertension, why might the compensatory reaction to a transient drop in arterial pressure be exaggerated?

<p>Due to exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk in patients with hypertension who experience exaggerated compensatory reactions after a transient drop in arterial pressure?

<p>Arterial rupture in the brain or elsewhere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is recommended for children aged 4-12 years old experiencing constipation?

<p>Establish a regular pattern of bowel movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with acute cholecystitis?

<p>Vomiting and belching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic evaluation method involves taking an X-ray after ingesting dye?

<p>Oral cholecystography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of T-tube placement during surgical management?

<p>To maintain patency of the common bile duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure allows direct visualization of the hepatobiliary system?

<p>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of oral cholecystography?

<p>Kidney damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least common way to diagnose Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Flexible endoscopic exams with biopsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients AVOID in their diet during exacerbations of Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Spicy food and large quantities of milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT listed as part of the combination therapies for managing Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Sucralfate (Carafate) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to manage Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Billroth I (Gastroduodenostomy) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category provides coating to the stomach to manage Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Cytoprotective drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is advised to help reduce pain in patients with Dumping Syndrome?

<p>Using anticholinergic/antimuscarinic agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by total absence of all pituitary secretions?

<p>Simmonds' disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a possible etiology of hypopituitarism?

<p>Excessive subcutaneous fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation in females with hypopituitarism?

<p>Uterine and vaginal atrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus releases mostly OT in the hypothalamus?

<p>Paraventricular nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible clinical manifestation of a pituitary tumor?

<p>Bitemporal hemianopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect seen in children with hypopituitarism?

<p>Delayed puberty but eventual normal sexual development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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