29 Questions
Which bacterial species, considered normal flora in the small intestine, can play a minor role in acute cholecystitis?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Which of the following is a risk factor for cholecystitis according to the text?
Obesity
What is part of Charcot’s triad associated with cholangitis?
RUQ pain & jaundice
What does the pathophysiology of cholecystitis involve?
Obstruction of bile outflow by gallbladder stones
Which demographic group is at a higher risk of developing cholelithiasis according to the text?
Multiparous women above 40 years old
Why does the flow of venous blood in the chest get impeded during active straining?
Due to increased intrathoracic pressure causing the large veins to collapse
What is a common complication of cholecystitis if left untreated?
Peritonitis & pancreatitis
What happens to the atria and ventricles when they receive less blood due to impeded venous flow?
They deliver fewer blood during systolic contractions
What occurs almost immediately after a period of hypotension during active straining?
A drop in arterial pressure
In patients with hypertension, why might the compensatory reaction to a transient drop in arterial pressure be exaggerated?
Due to exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response
What is a potential risk in patients with hypertension who experience exaggerated compensatory reactions after a transient drop in arterial pressure?
Arterial rupture in the brain or elsewhere
What nursing intervention is recommended for children aged 4-12 years old experiencing constipation?
Establish a regular pattern of bowel movement
What is a common symptom associated with acute cholecystitis?
Vomiting and belching
Which diagnostic evaluation method involves taking an X-ray after ingesting dye?
Oral cholecystography
What is the purpose of T-tube placement during surgical management?
To maintain patency of the common bile duct
Which procedure allows direct visualization of the hepatobiliary system?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
What is a potential complication of oral cholecystography?
Kidney damage
What is the least common way to diagnose Dumping Syndrome?
Flexible endoscopic exams with biopsy
What should patients AVOID in their diet during exacerbations of Dumping Syndrome?
Spicy food and large quantities of milk
Which medication is NOT listed as part of the combination therapies for managing Dumping Syndrome?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to manage Dumping Syndrome?
Billroth I (Gastroduodenostomy)
Which drug category provides coating to the stomach to manage Dumping Syndrome?
Cytoprotective drugs
Which of the following is advised to help reduce pain in patients with Dumping Syndrome?
Using anticholinergic/antimuscarinic agents
Which condition is characterized by total absence of all pituitary secretions?
Simmonds' disease
Which of the following is NOT listed as a possible etiology of hypopituitarism?
Excessive subcutaneous fat
What is a common manifestation in females with hypopituitarism?
Uterine and vaginal atrophy
Which nucleus releases mostly OT in the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus
What is a possible clinical manifestation of a pituitary tumor?
Bitemporal hemianopia
What is a common effect seen in children with hypopituitarism?
Delayed puberty but eventual normal sexual development
Test your knowledge on acute cholecystitis, including bacterial infections involved, risk factors, and potential complications such as gangrene, perforation, peritonitis, and cholangitis. Learn about Charcot's triad symptoms and the pathophysiology of this condition.
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