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Questions and Answers

What was formed in January 1901?

  • The Commonwealth of Australia (correct)
  • The British monarchy
  • The West Minister System
  • The Australian Constitution

    • How many levels of government are there in Australia's system?

  • Three (correct)
  • Four
  • Five
  • Two

    • What is the purpose of the separation of powers?

  • To reduce the number of laws
  • To provide a system of checks and balances (correct)
  • To give more power to the monarch
  • To concentrate power in one group

    • What is the role of the Legislative arm of government?

    <p>To make new laws or change existing ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is Australia's political system based on?

    <p>The West Minister System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many houses does the Commonwealth Parliament consist of?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who officially holds executive power in Australia?

    <p>The Governor-General</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Executive arm of government?

    <p>To administer the legislation passed by Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Judiciary in Australia?

    <p>To declare laws passed by parliament as unconstitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voting system used in the Australian House of Representatives?

    <p>Preferential system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement to win a seat in the Australian House of Representatives?

    <p>An absolute majority of votes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system used in the Australian Senate?

    <p>Proportional voting system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Republic of Indonesia declared?

    <p>1945</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of Indonesia's first president?

    <p>Sukarno</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the system of government introduced by President Sukarno?

    <p>Guided democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the period of Indonesian history characterized by authoritarian rule?

    <p>New Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Australia's System of Government

    • Australia's system of government is based on democracy, with a constitutional monarch and three levels of government: federal, local, and state.
    • The Australian Constitution came into force on January 1, 1901, and is based on the British Westminster system.
    • The Commonwealth Parliament and all state parliaments except Queensland are bicameral, consisting of a lower house and an upper house.
    • The three arms of government in Australia are the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, with a system of checks and balances to prevent excessive concentration of power.

    Legislative Arm

    • The Legislative arm refers to the parliament's function to make new laws or change and remove existing ones.
    • The Commonwealth Parliament consists of the House of Representatives (lower house), the Senate (upper house), and the Crown (Governor-General).
    • Parliament is the supreme law maker.

    Executive Arm

    • The Executive arm administers the legislation passed by parliament.
    • Executive power officially lies with the Governor-General or the Governor, representing the Crown, but government ministers and the public service actually exercise this power.

    Judicial Arm

    • The Judicial arm can declare laws passed by parliament as unconstitutional or require particular actions if they believe a branch of government is not performing a constitutional duty.

    House of Representatives

    • The voting system for the House of Representatives is called the preferential system.
    • To win a seat in the HOR, a candidate must get an absolute majority – half the number of formal votes plus one.

    Senate

    • The Senate voting system is based on the proportion of the vote achieved by each party.
    • Candidates are elected according to the proportion of the vote achieved by their party.

    Indonesia's System of Government

    • The Republic of Indonesia was declared in 1945 following independence from Dutch colonial rule and Japanese wartime occupation.
    • The Constitution was written during the Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.
    • Indonesia's political transition to a democracy has been unstable since then.
    • The original constitution of 1945 was replaced by the federal constitution of 1949 and then the provisional constitution of 1950.
    • Indonesia's first election after independence was not held until 1955.
    • President Sukarno introduced a form of government called guided democracy in 1959 and dissolved the elected parliament.
    • The 1945 constitution of Indonesia was reintroduced, and Sukarno's successor, President Suharto, established an authoritarian regime called New Order.

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    year ten civics and citizenship

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