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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with the initial observations and study of food relationships on Bear Island in the Arctic Circle?
Who is credited with the initial observations and study of food relationships on Bear Island in the Arctic Circle?
- Charles Elton (correct)
- Walt Disney
- Robert Collett
- C.S. Elton
On Bear Island, food was abundant both on land and in the sea, according to initial observations.
On Bear Island, food was abundant both on land and in the sea, according to initial observations.
False (B)
What term did Charles Elton use to describe the relationships between marine animals, seabirds, arctic foxes, and polar bears on Bear Island?
What term did Charles Elton use to describe the relationships between marine animals, seabirds, arctic foxes, and polar bears on Bear Island?
food chains
Charles Elton's investigations on Bear Island revealed that marine animals are consumed by birds and ______.
Charles Elton's investigations on Bear Island revealed that marine animals are consumed by birds and ______.
Match the organisms with their roles in the Bear Island food web:
Match the organisms with their roles in the Bear Island food web:
Which element found in bird droppings plays a role in the nutrient cycle?
Which element found in bird droppings plays a role in the nutrient cycle?
The presence of thick ice belts made Nordaustland accessible for Elton's research.
The presence of thick ice belts made Nordaustland accessible for Elton's research.
What was the primary reason for the abandonment of the trip to Nordaustlander during Elton's research?
What was the primary reason for the abandonment of the trip to Nordaustlander during Elton's research?
Elton's attempt to reach Nordaustlander was unsuccessful, leading the crew to stop at ______.
Elton's attempt to reach Nordaustlander was unsuccessful, leading the crew to stop at ______.
Match the location with the challenge faced during exploration of the location:
Match the location with the challenge faced during exploration of the location:
What misconception about lemmings was debunked?
What misconception about lemmings was debunked?
The Disney film 'White Wilderness' accurately portrayed lemming behavior.
The Disney film 'White Wilderness' accurately portrayed lemming behavior.
What term is used to describe the years with significant increases in the lemming population?
What term is used to describe the years with significant increases in the lemming population?
Lemming populations tend to increase periodically every ______ years.
Lemming populations tend to increase periodically every ______ years.
Match each phenomena to its theory:
Match each phenomena to its theory:
What environmental factor is theorized to contribute to increased lemming populations during certain years?
What environmental factor is theorized to contribute to increased lemming populations during certain years?
Zoologists always assumed animal populations remained steady prior to Elton's work.
Zoologists always assumed animal populations remained steady prior to Elton's work.
What type of records did Elton use to study increases in arctic fox, lynx and peregrine populations?
What type of records did Elton use to study increases in arctic fox, lynx and peregrine populations?
Elton studied the fluctuations in animal populations and their causes and ______.
Elton studied the fluctuations in animal populations and their causes and ______.
Match the animal role with its classification:
Match the animal role with its classification:
According to the concept of food chains, which level is typically the most abundant?
According to the concept of food chains, which level is typically the most abundant?
Carnivores are described as organisms with no enemies in a food chain.
Carnivores are described as organisms with no enemies in a food chain.
What is the basic feeding class in an animal society, according to the text?
What is the basic feeding class in an animal society, according to the text?
The text refers to food as the ______ of animal economies.
The text refers to food as the ______ of animal economies.
Match the role to the class of animal:
Match the role to the class of animal:
In the English Oak example, which organisms represent the top of the food chain?
In the English Oak example, which organisms represent the top of the food chain?
In the English Oak example, carnivorous insects are more numerous than herbivorous insects.
In the English Oak example, carnivorous insects are more numerous than herbivorous insects.
In the English Oak example, which consumes some of the insects and are then preyed upon by other carnivores?
In the English Oak example, which consumes some of the insects and are then preyed upon by other carnivores?
The organisms that serve as the most numerous small herbivores in the English Oak example are ______.
The organisms that serve as the most numerous small herbivores in the English Oak example are ______.
Which of the following is an example of a consumer?
Which of the following is an example of a consumer?
Flashcards
What is a food web?
What is a food web?
A diagram showing the transfer of energy (food) between organisms in an ecosystem.
Who is Charles Elton?
Who is Charles Elton?
An ecologist who studied food relationships on Bear Island in the artic circle.
What are observations from Bear Island?
What are observations from Bear Island?
Marine animals eaten by birds and seals, seabirds eaten by arctic foxes, seals eaten by polar bears.
What is a food chain?
What is a food chain?
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How are food webs complex?
How are food webs complex?
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What are Lemmings?
What are Lemmings?
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Why the increase in lemmings?
Why the increase in lemmings?
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Ersine Predation
Ersine Predation
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What was affected by lemming populations?
What was affected by lemming populations?
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What are characteristics of food chains?
What are characteristics of food chains?
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Study Notes
Food Webs
- Charles Elton studied food webs.
Bear Island
- Elton made observations on Bear Island, located in the Arctic Circle.
- There were very few species on Bear Island.
- Food was scarce on land, but plentiful in the sea.
Food Chains
- Marine animals are consumed by birds and seals.
- Seabirds are consumed by arctic foxes.
- Seals are consumed by polar bears.
- These relationships are called "food chains".
Complex Relationships
- Bird droppings contain nitrogen.
- Bacteria consumes the nitrogen.
- Bacteria is then used by plants.
- Insects consume the plants.
- Birds and mammals start consumption.
Nordaustlander Trip
- A trip to Nordaustlandet was less accessible
- Thick belts of ice made travel difficult.
- The trip was abandoned as the propeller broke.
- They stopped at Tromsø.
Lemmings
- Lemmings do not jump off cliffs!
- There are massive swarms of lemmings, known as "lemming years."
- Lemming swarming happens periodically every 3-4 years.
Theories for Increase in Lemmings
- Weather fluctuations
- Lemmings have litters during the winter
- Long winters mean more litters.
Ersine Predation
- Considers why there is a fluctuation in animal populations.
- Zoologists previously assumed animal populations were steady.
- Reports for Fur Trade data indicated increases in arctic fox, lynx, and peregrines.
Food Chains
- Food is the currency of animal economies.
- Herbivores are the basic class in animal society, made of plant eaters.
- Include carnivores
- Carnivores are "which has no enemies"
- Lower levels of food chain are abundant
English Oak Example
- There are numerous small herbivorous insects.
- There are some carnivorous insects.
- There are a few warbler birds.
- There is one or two hawks.
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