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Questions and Answers
What is the role of sand flies in the transmission of leishmanial disease?
What is the role of sand flies in the transmission of leishmanial disease?
- They are a type of macrophage
- They are hosts for the parasite
- They carry the promastigote and transmit it to the host (correct)
- They are the primary cause of cutaneous leishmaniosis
What is the result of visceral leishmaniosis if left untreated?
What is the result of visceral leishmaniosis if left untreated?
- The disease will only affect the skin
- Cutaneous lesions will appear
- The disease will resolve on its own
- It is 100% fatal (correct)
What is the name of the parasite that causes visceral leishmaniosis?
What is the name of the parasite that causes visceral leishmaniosis?
- Leishmania donovani (correct)
- Leishmania braziliensis
- Leishmania visceralis
- Leishmania cutanea
What is the term for the enlargement of the spleen and liver?
What is the term for the enlargement of the spleen and liver?
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What is the term for the reduction of all blood cells?
What is the term for the reduction of all blood cells?
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What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniosis?
What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniosis?
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What is the stage of the parasite found in the sand fly?
What is the stage of the parasite found in the sand fly?
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What is the term for the skin lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis?
What is the term for the skin lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis?
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What is the result of Leishmania donovani infection in the host?
What is the result of Leishmania donovani infection in the host?
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Study Notes
Leishmania Infections
- Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis are two species of Leishmania that infect vertebrates as hosts.
Transmission
- Sandflies are the vectors of Leishmania, carrying the promastigote stage of the parasite.
- When an infected sandfly bites a host, the promastigote enters the host and becomes an amastigote, which infects macrophages.
Cutaneous Leishmaniosis
- Caused by various species of Leishmania, including Leishmania braziliensis.
- Characterized by localized or diffuse cutaneous lesions/ulcers, often associated with sandfly bites.
Visceral Leishmaniosis (Kala Azar)
- Caused by Leishmania donovani.
- Symptoms include prolonged fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
- If left untreated, visceral leishmaniosis is 100% fatal.
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniosis
- Caused by Leishmania braziliensis.
- Characterized by mucus membrane ulcers in the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, which can result in perforation and destruction of facial tissues.
- Typically occurs after cutaneous lesions have healed.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Leishmania is always found in amastigotes in macrophages, making this a diagnostic feature for all types of leishmaniosis.
- Stibogluconate is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniosis.
- Amphotericin B is used to treat visceral leishmaniosis.
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