Leishmania donovani and baziliensis
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of sand flies in the transmission of leishmanial disease?

  • They are a type of macrophage
  • They are hosts for the parasite
  • They carry the promastigote and transmit it to the host (correct)
  • They are the primary cause of cutaneous leishmaniosis

    • What is the result of visceral leishmaniosis if left untreated?

  • The disease will only affect the skin
  • Cutaneous lesions will appear
  • The disease will resolve on its own
  • It is 100% fatal (correct)

    • What is the name of the parasite that causes visceral leishmaniosis?

  • Leishmania donovani (correct)
  • Leishmania braziliensis
  • Leishmania visceralis
  • Leishmania cutanea

    • What is the term for the enlargement of the spleen and liver?

    <p>Hepatosplenomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reduction of all blood cells?

    <p>Pancytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniosis?

    <p>Stibogluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of the parasite found in the sand fly?

    <p>Promastigote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the skin lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis?

    <p>Cutaneous leishmaniosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Leishmania donovani infection in the host?

    <p>The parasite becomes an amastigote and infects macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leishmania Infections

    • Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis are two species of Leishmania that infect vertebrates as hosts.

    Transmission

    • Sandflies are the vectors of Leishmania, carrying the promastigote stage of the parasite.
    • When an infected sandfly bites a host, the promastigote enters the host and becomes an amastigote, which infects macrophages.

    Cutaneous Leishmaniosis

    • Caused by various species of Leishmania, including Leishmania braziliensis.
    • Characterized by localized or diffuse cutaneous lesions/ulcers, often associated with sandfly bites.

    Visceral Leishmaniosis (Kala Azar)

    • Caused by Leishmania donovani.
    • Symptoms include prolonged fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
    • If left untreated, visceral leishmaniosis is 100% fatal.

    Mucocutaneous Leishmaniosis

    • Caused by Leishmania braziliensis.
    • Characterized by mucus membrane ulcers in the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, which can result in perforation and destruction of facial tissues.
    • Typically occurs after cutaneous lesions have healed.

    Diagnosis and Treatment

    • Leishmania is always found in amastigotes in macrophages, making this a diagnostic feature for all types of leishmaniosis.
    • Stibogluconate is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniosis.
    • Amphotericin B is used to treat visceral leishmaniosis.

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