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Questions and Answers

Which decay is exponential?

  • Alpha decay
  • Beta decay
  • Gama decay (correct)
  • Neutron decay

    • Signal compression does not occur in?

  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Sensory Neurons
  • Motor Neurons
  • CNS (correct)

    • What is signal adaptation?

  • The process of amplifying a weak signal
  • The receptor adjusting to a continuous stimulus by reducing sensitivity (correct)
  • Conversion of a signal from one form to another
  • The decay of a signal over distance

    • Where are alpha particles used?

    <p>Therapeutics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are beta particles used in diagnostic imaging?

    <p>Only in specific conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the lumen of a vessel increases/dilates 3 times, what happens to the velocity?

    <p>It is 3 times slower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Far point vs near point relates to which conditions?

    <p>Hyperopia vs Myopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the inner, middle, and outer ear all do?

    <p>Transmit sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of resistance?

    <p>Ohm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ammeter measure?

    <p>Current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of radioactivity?

    <p>Nuclear instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical imaging technique is a tracer used?

    <p>PET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of an X-ray?

    <p>Ionizing radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MRI stand for?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Doppler effect primarily used for in medicine?

    <p>Measuring blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium channels contribute most to which membrane potential?

    <p>Resting membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channels are not open during the resting state of a membrane?

    <p>Leakage channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nernst equation is used to calculate what?

    <p>Membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the renal artery typically?

    <p>0.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fluoroscopy layers primarily provide?

    <p>Dynamic imaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When gamma radiation goes through the body, what changes?

    <p>The nuclei of the cell and The DNA structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lumbosacral angle typically?

    <p>40 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if you stand on one leg?

    <p>7x more load than original is put on femur head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ice slippery?

    <p>Small value of friction coefficient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about stereocilia in the inner ear?

    <p>Involved in balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes spherical aberration?

    <p>Imperfect curvature of lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines viscosity in-vivo according to Poiseuille's law?

    <p>all are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst equation calculate?

    <p>Membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium into the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an electrocardiogram (EKG) contain?

    <p>Heart rate variability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the renal artery typically?

    <p>0.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lumbosacral angle typically?

    <p>40 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if you stand on one leg?

    <p>7x more load than original is put on femur head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ice slippery?

    <p>Small value of friction coefficient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of radioactivity?

    <p>Nuclear instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical imaging technique is a tracer used?

    <p>PET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of an X-ray?

    <p>Ionizing radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MRI stand for?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Doppler effect primarily used for in medicine?

    <p>Measuring blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium channels contribute most to which membrane potential?

    <p>Resting membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channels are not open during the resting state of a membrane?

    <p>Voltage-gated channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nernst equation is used to calculate what?

    <p>Membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the renal artery typically?

    <p>0.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fluoroscopy layers primarily provide?

    <p>Dynamic imaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about stereocilia in the inner ear?

    <p>Involved in balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of resistance?

    <p>Ohm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ammeter measure?

    <p>Current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are beta particles used in diagnostic imaging?

    <p>Only in specific conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alpha particles used?

    <p>Therapeutics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the inner, middle, and outer ear all do?

    <p>Encoding signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Far point vs near point relates to which conditions?

    <p>Hyperopia vs Myopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signal compression does not occur in?

    <p>CNS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is signal adaptation?

    <p>The receptor adjusting to a continuous stimulus by reducing sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the velocity if the lumen of a vessel increases/dilates 3 times?

    <p>It is 9 times faster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes turbulences in blood flow?

    <p>Higher blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systolic pressure is defined as what?

    <p>Pressure when aortic pressure is maximum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of myelinated fibers?

    <p>They conduct information fast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RIA is used to measure what?

    <p>Very low concentration of hormones, drugs, and other substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiation is hardest to absorb?

    <p>Gamma rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for exposure dose?

    <p>Coulomb per kilogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitated diffusion is characterized by what?

    <p>Not being active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates Technetium-99?

    <p>Mb-99 molibden and Uranium decay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the leg abductor?

    <p>Stabilization of the body during rotation in the hip joint and Extension of the hip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cyst characterized by?

    <p>Body mass filled with fluid, anechogenic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes turbulences in blood flow?

    <p>Higher blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systolic pressure is defined as what?

    <p>Pressure when aortic pressure is maximum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of myelinated fibers?

    <p>They conduct information fast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RIA is used to measure what?

    <p>Very low concentration of hormones, drugs, and other substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiation is hardest to absorb?

    <p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for exposure dose?

    <p>Coulomb per kilogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitated diffusion is characterized by what?

    <p>Not being active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates Technetium-99?

    <p>Mb-99 molibden (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the leg abductor?

    <p>Stabilization of the body during rotation in the hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cyst characterized by?

    <p>Body mass filled with fluid, anechogenic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m NOT have?

    <p>Has a half-life of 6 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Na/K ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the EKG contain?

    <p>Eindhoven triangles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of turbulences in blood flow?

    <p>Higher blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you stand on one leg?

    <p>7x more load than original is put on femur head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about stereocilia in the inner ear?

    <p>Involved in balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MRI stand for?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiation is hardest to absorb?

    <p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the leg abductor?

    <p>Stabilization of the body during rotation in the hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an electrocardiogram (EKG) contain?

    <p>Eindhoven triangles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Na/K ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m NOT have?

    <p>Expensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the leg abductor?

    <p>Stabilization of the body during rotation in the hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fluoroscopy layers primarily provide?

    <p>Dynamic imaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes spherical aberration?

    <p>Imperfect curvature of lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the lumen of a vessel increases/dilates 3 times?

    <p>Velocity is 9 times faster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst equation calculate?

    <p>Membrane potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of the renal artery typically?

    <p>0.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When gamma radiation goes through the body, what changes?

    <p>The nuclei of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lumbosacral angle typically?

    <p>40 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>It does not require energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element generates Technetium-99?

    <p>Mb-99 molibden (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the leg abductor muscle?

    <p>Stabilization of the body during rotation in the hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cyst primarily characterized by?

    <p>A body mass filled with fluid, anechogenic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold of hearing typically?

    <p>2-3 kHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will turbulence occur more likely in blood flow?

    <p>At higher Reynolds numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between X-rays and gamma rays?

    <p>Gamma rays have larger energy and lower penetration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic coefficient of albumin typically?

    <p>Less than 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the contraction of ciliary muscles affect?

    <p>The shape of the lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is light sensitive?

    <p>Retina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m NOT have?

    <p>Expensive and Has a half-life of 6 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold of hearing typically?

    <p>2-3 kHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when crystals resonate in ultrasound?

    <p>Increase in resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method has the best resolution, CT or MRI?

    <p>CT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the lateral resolution in ultrasound?

    <p>Width of ultrasound beam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stereocilia in the inner ear?

    <p>Involved in balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic coefficient of albumin typically?

    <p>Higher than 1.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the contraction of ciliary muscles affect?

    <p>The shape of the lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is light sensitive?

    <p>Retina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m NOT have?

    <p>Expensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tests are run to see the state of serum?

    <p>Electrolyte balance and Electrophoresis both (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma primarily consists of?

    <p>Proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple myeloma is a cancer of?

    <p>Malignant plasma cells and osteoblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is effective in treating with Vitamin C?

    <p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of insulin are there?

    <p>Two: dependent and non-dependent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ear differentiate frequencies?

    <p>Through varying sound intensities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of myelinated fibers?

    <p>They conduct information fast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RIA is used to measure what?

    <p>Very low concentration of hormones, drugs, and other substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiation is hardest to absorb?

    <p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for exposure dose?

    <p>Coulomb per kilogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not correct about Vitamin K?

    <p>It maintains the membrane potential of muscle and nerve fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In obstructive jaundice, why does the skin appear yellow?

    <p>Due to increased bilirubin in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the hip perform during walking?

    <p>It unburdens (unloads). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Poiseuille’s law describe?

    <p>Flow resistance of each vessel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the Reynolds number exceeds the critical value?

    <p>The fluid flow becomes turbulent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences apparent blood viscosity?

    <p>Diameter of blood vessels, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the heart rate increases, what happens to the diastole duration?

    <p>It decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>Even hundreds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>When the membrane is depolarized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contrast in MRI intensified by?

    <p>C and D are correct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI signal localization is based on what?

    <p>Use of special gradients of the static magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does planar radiography typically adjust for clearer lung observation?

    <p>Reducing the exposure time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium ions into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the phase of isovolumic contraction in the heart?

    <p>The mitral valve closes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the diameter of blood vessels affect apparent blood viscosity?

    <p>It, along with plasma viscosity and hematocrit value, influences viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>any number even hundreds or Thousands, depending on the neuron type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>When the membrane is depolarized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the passage of water and ions through cell membranes?

    <p>Transport proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contrast in MRI intensified by?

    <p>Use of contrast agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI signal localization is based on what?

    <p>Use of special gradients of the static magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does planar radiography typically adjust for clearer lung observation?

    <p>Increasing the voltage of the anode of the X-ray tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium ions into the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the phase of isovolumic contraction in the heart?

    <p>The mitral valve closes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the diameter of blood vessels affect apparent blood viscosity?

    <p>It, along with plasma viscosity and hematocrit value, influences viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>Even hundreds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>Only during the resting state of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the passage of water and ions through cell membranes?

    <p>Transport proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contrast in MRI intensified by?

    <p>Use of contrast agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI signal localization is based on what?

    <p>Use of special gradients of the static magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does planar radiography typically adjust for clearer lung observation?

    <p>Increasing the voltage of the anode of the X-ray tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium ions into the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the phase of isovolumic contraction in the heart?

    <p>The mitral valve closes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pumping sodium out and potassium ions into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the phase of isovolumic contraction in the heart?

    <p>The mitral valve closes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the diameter of blood vessels affect apparent blood viscosity?

    <p>It, along with plasma viscosity and hematocrit value, influences viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>Even hundreds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>Only during the resting state of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the passage of water and ions through cell membranes?

    <p>Transport proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Not active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of radioactivity?

    <p>Nuclear instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical imaging technique is a tracer used?

    <p>PET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of radioactivity?

    <p>Nuclear instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical imaging technique is a tracer used?

    <p>PET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>Even hundreds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>Only during the resting state of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of radioactivity?

    <p>Nuclear instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical imaging technique is a tracer used?

    <p>PET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs between water molecules in liquid water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many synapses can a single neuron have?

    <p>Even hundreds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voltage-gated Na+ channels open?

    <p>Only during the resting state of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tests are run to see the state of serum?

    <p>Electrophoresis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma primarily consists of?

    <p>Proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple myeloma is a cancer of?

    <p>Malignant plasma cells and osteoblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is effective in treating with Vitamin C?

    <p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of insulin are there?

    <p>Two: dependent and non-dependent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During emission of beta minus radiation, the mass number?

    <p>Increases by 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beta minus radiation consists of?

    <p>Neutron converted to proton, creating an electron and an electron antineutrino (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beta plus radiation consists of?

    <p>Proton is converted to neutron, creating a positron and an electron neutrino (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compton effect refers to?

    <p>Ejection of electrons from the surface of an illuminated metal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantity is NOT extensive?

    <p>Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantities are extensive?

    <p>Volume, mass, internal energy, entropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement applies to a reversible process?

    <p>It requires no energy input (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of alpha radiation proportional to?

    <p>Its energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

    <p>Pump sodium out and potassium ions into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action potential in a cell is a consequence of?

    <p>A quick change in ion permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors determine the radiograph imaging contrast?

    <p>Size and kind of tissue projected to the film, quality of X-ray beam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Annihilation radiation accompanies which type of decay?

    <p>Beta plus decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the loudness of a sound measure?

    <p>Intensity in phons or sones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the compliance of the aorta compare to other blood vessels?

    <p>It is greater than other blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a blood vessel dilates?

    <p>Both wall stress and shear stress increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Laplace's law related to blood vessels?

    <p>It measures the tension in the vessel walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the eye is primarily responsible for light sensitivity?

    <p>Retina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye controls brightness?

    <p>Iris with pupil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is convergence in the context of vision?

    <p>Orientation of the eyeballs toward the studied object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukemia as a consequence of ionizing radiation is an example of what type of effect?

    <p>Somatic stochastic effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m NOT have?

    <p>Expensive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two factors that limit radionuclide imaging diagnostics?

    <p>Resolution and sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does absorbed radiation force due to inserted radionuclide depend on?

    <p>Its effective half-life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is recording the radio indicator distribution in the organ possible?

    <p>Using a scanner and gamma camera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary contrast in MRI is intensified by what?

    <p>Use of contrast agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI signal localization is based on what?

    <p>Use of special gradients of the static magnetic field (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When observing lungs more clearly by planar X-ray imaging, what is typically adjusted?

    <p>Increasing the voltage of the anode of the X-ray tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of the photoelectric effect?

    <p>Electrons are ejected from an atom when it is irradiated with photons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MRI, what is the role of the RF coil?

    <p>To receive the MRI signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation?

    <p>Ultraviolet rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lens in the human eye?

    <p>To focus light on the retina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the middle ear?

    <p>To transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In electroencephalography, what is typically recorded?

    <p>Electrical activity of the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using both eyes for vision?

    <p>Improving visual resolution and Increasing the field of view (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the heart rate increases?

    <p>The duration of the diastole decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the electrochemical equilibrium of ions?

    <p>The resting potential of the cell is equal to the Nernst potential of the ion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the amplitude on the frequency of sound?

    <p>The frequency remains the same (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the residual volume of the heart ventricle change during exercise?

    <p>It remains constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does Technetium-99m have?

    <p>It has a short half-life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the middle ear?

    <p>Adjusting sound impedance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about sound localization?

    <p>It's easier at lower frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues conduct electricity the weakest?

    <p>Adipose tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phase angle of a tissue type indicate?

    <p>Electrical resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective dose in dosimetry?

    <p>Measure of biological damage depending on absorbed dose and radiation type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of human limbs being long levers?

    <p>They provide greater strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a homogeneous electric field, what happens to a free electric dipole?

    <p>It aligns with the field (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the numerical aperture of a microscope?

    <p>The refractive index of the preparation and the open angle of the lens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the middle ear?

    <p>Adjusting sound impedance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during osmosis when a cell is in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>The cell shrinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is characterized by a neutron being converted to a proton?

    <p>Beta minus decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>Deep tissue penetration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the loudness of sound depend on?

    <p>Intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the compliance of the aorta affect blood flow?

    <p>Increases blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the diameter of a blood vessel?

    <p>Reduces wall stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains the formation of aneurysms?

    <p>Laplace's law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resting potential of a neuron when potassium ion permeability increases?

    <p>It becomes more negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting the speed of sound in different media?

    <p>The density of the medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Bernoulli’s equation not account for in blood flow?

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    How is the intensity of X-rays altered?

    <p>By changing the anodic voltage in the X-ray tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phase angle of a tissue type indicate?

    <p>About 5 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective dose in dosimetry?

    <p>Measure of biological damage depending on absorbed dose and radiation type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues conduct electricity the weakest?

    <p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the function of the middle ear best described?

    <p>Transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about sound localization?

    <p>It is easier at lower frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one decibel?

    <p>A unit of sound intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the resolution of the eye's optical system?

    <p>Improving visual resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a homogeneous electric field, what happens to a free electric dipole?

    <p>It experiences a rotational force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main assumption of the photoelectric effect?

    <p>Light is assumed to have particle characteristics and a wavelength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the numerical aperture of a microscope depend on?

    <p>The refractive index of the preparation and the open angle of the lens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle ear?

    <p>Transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about sound localization?

    <p>It is easier at lower frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gaussian approximation?

    <p>It describes the distribution of light intensity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a state diagram (or phase diagram), what is depicted?

    <p>Equilibrium states of matter under varying conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do long levers (like human limbs) provide?

    <p>They allow fast movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a free electric dipole is placed in a homogeneous electric field?

    <p>It experiences a rotational force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main assumption of the photoelectric effect?

    <p>Light is assumed to have particle characteristics and a wavelength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the resolution of the eye's optical system?

    <p>Improving visual resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle ear?

    <p>Transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about sound localization?

    <p>It is easier at lower frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one decibel?

    <p>A unit of sound intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the resolution of the eye's optical system?

    <p>Improving visual resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a homogeneous electric field, what happens to a free electric dipole?

    <p>It experiences a rotational force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main assumption of the photoelectric effect?

    <p>Light is assumed to have particle characteristics and a wavelength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the numerical aperture of a microscope depend on?

    <p>The refractive index of the preparation and the open angle of the lens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle ear?

    <p>Transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about sound localization?

    <p>It is easier at lower frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signal compression does not occur in?

    <p>Motor Neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Signal Adaptation

    The process by which a receptor adjusts its sensitivity to a continuous stimulus, reducing its response over time.

    Gamma Decay

    Gamma decay is a type of radioactive decay where an unstable atomic nucleus emits a gamma ray, which is a high-energy photon.

    Alpha Particles in Therapeutics

    Alpha particles are used in therapeutics as they can damage cancerous cells.

    Beta Particles in Diagnostic Imaging

    Beta particles are used in diagnostic imaging in specific conditions. For example, they can be used to image thyroid function.

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    Lumen & Velocity Relationship

    The speed of blood flow decreases as the lumen of a vessel increases.

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    Hyperopia vs. Myopia

    Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is the inability to focus on near objects clearly. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is the inability to focus on distant objects clearly.

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    Ear Structure & Sound Transmission

    The inner, middle, and outer ear all contribute to the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.

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    Unit of Resistance

    The resistance of a conductor is measured in Ohms.

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    Function of an Ammeter

    An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit.

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    Cause of Radioactivity

    Radioactivity is primarily caused by nuclear instability, where the nucleus of an atom has an excess of energy and seeks stability by releasing radiation.

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    PET Scan

    Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to visualize metabolic processes.

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    Principle of an X-ray

    X-rays use ionizing radiation to create images of the inside of the body.

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    MRI

    MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body.

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    Doppler Effect in Medicine

    The Doppler effect is primarily used in medicine to measure blood flow by detecting changes in the frequency of sound waves reflected off moving blood cells.

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    Potassium Channels and Resting Membrane Potential

    Potassium channels contribute most to the resting membrane potential of a cell by allowing potassium ions to move out of the cell, making the inside more negative.

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    Voltage-gated Channels

    Voltage-gated channels are not open during the resting state of a membrane. They open only in response to changes in the membrane potential.

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    Nernst Equation

    The Nernst equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a specific ion across a cell membrane.

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    Renal Artery Resistance

    The resistance of the renal artery is typically 0.6 Ohms.

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    Fluoroscopy Layers

    Fluoroscopy layers provide dynamic imaging, allowing doctors to see movement in real-time.

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    Effects of Gamma Radiation

    When gamma radiation goes through the body, it can cause damage to the nuclei of cells and alter DNA structure.

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    Lumbosacral Angle

    The lumbosacral angle is typically 40 degrees.

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    Load on Femur Head

    Standing on one leg puts approximately 7 times the load on the femur head compared to standing on both legs.

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    Why Ice is Slippery

    Ice is slippery due to a low friction coefficient. Thin layers of water form on the surface of ice, reducing friction between the ice and the object.

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    Stereocilia in Inner Ear

    Stereocilia are hair-like structures found in the inner ear that are involved in the sense of balance and hearing.

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    What is Spherical Aberration?

    Spherical aberration is a type of optical aberration caused by an imperfect curvature of a lens, resulting in different focal lengths for different parts of the lens.

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    Viscosity in-vivo

    Viscosity in-vivo is determined by factors including blood cell hematocrit, plasma viscosity, and vessel diameter.

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    What does the Nernst equation calculate?

    The Nernst equation is used to calculate the membrane potential, also known as the equilibrium potential, for a specific ion across a cell membrane.

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    Sodium-Potassium ATPase Pump

    The main function of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump is to actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient.

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    What does an EKG contain?

    An electrocardiogram (EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart, highlighting the heart's electrical rhythm and any abnormalities.

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