Untitled Quiz

The filtration barrier in the glomerulus, separating blood from urine, consists of fenestrated endothelial capillaries, a thick basement membrane, and filtration slits with diaphragms.

The JGA is a structure at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, involved in blood pressure regulation. It contains the macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells and lacis cells.

The macula densa cells in the JGA are osmoreceptors, detecting changes in sodium concentration to regulate the kidney's response to blood pressure.

JG cells, modified smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole, secrete renin to help control blood pressure.

The PCT actively reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, and important ions like Na+, Cl-, and K+, and water from the filtrate.

Maintains homeostasis, forms urine, and secretes hormones like erythropoietin and renin.

Bean-shaped organ composed of stroma (capsule, and renal interstitium) and parenchyma (cortex and medulla).

Structural unit of the kidney, consisting of a nephron and a collecting tubule; produces and concentrates urine.

Basic functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

The initial filtering unit of the nephron, containing a glomerulus (capillary network) and Bowman's capsule.

A network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Double-walled structure surrounding the glomerulus, collecting the filtered fluid.

Outer region of the kidney containing the renal corpuscles and proximal/distal convoluted tubules.

The supportive framework of the kidney, consisting of the capsule (dense connective tissue) and the renal interstitium (minimal connective tissue between parenchyma).

The functional tissue of the kidney, responsible for urine production and filtration. It comprises the outer cortex and inner medulla.

The uriniferous tubule is responsible for urine production (nephron) and concentrating urine (collecting tubule).

Urine formation involves both active and passive absorption. Active absorption requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive absorption relies on diffusion.

The nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, consists of the renal corpuscle (for filtration), the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.

The renal corpuscle is the initial filtering unit of the nephron, consisting of a glomerulus (network of capillaries) and Bowman's capsule (double-walled structure surrounding the glomerulus).

The Bowman's capsule is a double-walled structure that surrounds the glomerulus. Its inner visceral layer is composed of podocytes and the outer parietal layer is lined by simple squamous epithelium.

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. It's responsible for filtering blood.

The barrier that separates blood in the glomerulus from the urine in Bowman's capsule. It is made of three layers: fenestrated endothelial capillaries, the basement membrane, and filtration slits with diaphragms.

A part of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) that faces the glomerulus. It detects changes in sodium concentration in the filtrate.

Modified smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole. They produce and secrete renin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure.

Maintains the balance of sodium, potassium, and water in the urine. It reabsorbs these ions under the influence of hormones like aldosterone and ADH.

A group of specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) that sense sodium concentration in the filtrate and send signals to regulate blood pressure.

The microvilli lining the luminal surfaces of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells. It increases the surface area for reabsorption of nutrients and water.

The first part of the renal tubule where most of the reabsorption of essential nutrients, water, and ions occurs.

The section of the renal tubule after the loop of Henle, where fine-tuning of water and electrolyte balance takes place under the influence of hormones.

The structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the outside of the body. They include the calyces, pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra.

A specialized type of epithelium that lines the urinary passages, allowing for stretching and accommodating changes in urine volume.

The smooth muscle layer in the bladder wall that contracts to expel urine.

The urinary passages have three layers: mucosa (lining), muscular layer (smooth muscle), and adventitia (connective tissue).

These include maintaining homeostasis through filtration, absorption, and secretion; forming urine to eliminate metabolic wastes; and secreting hormones such as erythropoietin and renin.

A U-shaped structure in the nephron responsible for creating a concentration gradient in the medulla, allowing for water reabsorption and urine concentration.

The outer region of the kidney containing the renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules. It's like the outer layer of the kidney where most of the filtration and reabsorption takes place.