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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate percentage of freshwater in the total water on Earth?
What is the approximate percentage of freshwater in the total water on Earth?
What is the main reason why countries near the equator receive more rainfall?
What is the main reason why countries near the equator receive more rainfall?
What is the term for the mixture of salt and freshwater, typically found in deltas?
What is the term for the mixture of salt and freshwater, typically found in deltas?
What is the percentage of the Earth's surface covered in water?
What is the percentage of the Earth's surface covered in water?
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What is the phase of matter that makes up 0.006% of the Earth's water?
What is the phase of matter that makes up 0.006% of the Earth's water?
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What is the primary reason for the formation of Orographic rainfall?
What is the primary reason for the formation of Orographic rainfall?
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What percentage of water in Australia is freshwater that can be drunk?
What percentage of water in Australia is freshwater that can be drunk?
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What is the term used to describe the process of water vapour in the air turning into liquid water?
What is the term used to describe the process of water vapour in the air turning into liquid water?
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What type of rainfall is commonly found in hot places or the Cancer and Capricorn regions?
What type of rainfall is commonly found in hot places or the Cancer and Capricorn regions?
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What is the term used to describe any form of water that goes up from condensation?
What is the term used to describe any form of water that goes up from condensation?
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Study Notes
Spatial Distribution of Water
- Spatial distribution refers to the way something is spread out or arranged over a geographical area.
- On Earth, there is 10^15 liters of water, which has remained the same since its creation.
- Water exists in three phases of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
- All water on Earth is finite, with 96.5% being saltwater and 2.5% being freshwater.
- Only 0.006% of water is stored in clouds, and 2% of freshwater is stored in rivers and lakes.
Classification of Water
- Water can be classified into four main types: saltwater, freshwater, surface water, and groundwater.
- Brackish water is a mix of salt and freshwater, mostly found in deltas.
Composition of Earth's Water
- Most of the world's freshwater is distributed near the equator due to high rainfall and humidity.
- The equator causes more rainfall in countries near it, resulting in more freshwater.
Uses of Saltwater
- Saltwater is not safe for drinking and requires desalination, which is an expensive process.
- Most fish consumed are saltwater fish, and tidal waters are used for hydroelectric dams.
- Salt is used in food and is farmed by salt farms.
Rainfall
- There are three types of rainfall: orographic, frontal, and convectional.
- Orographic rainfall occurs when air is forced to rise over a mountain range, resulting in condensation and precipitation.
- Frontal rainfall occurs when cold and warm air masses meet, causing condensation and precipitation.
- Convectional rainfall occurs in hot places, where warm air rises, condenses, and forms rain.
Water Processes
- Evapotranspiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface and transpires through plants.
- Infiltration is the process by which water seeps into the ground and becomes groundwater.
- Surface runoff is the process by which water flows over the surface, while subsurface runoff is the process by which water flows underground.
- Accumulation is the process by which water pools in large bodies, such as lakes and oceans.
- Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air turns into liquid water, forming clouds.
- Evaporation is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.
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