18 Questions
Which part of the pharynx serves as a passageway for air and communicates with the middle ear through the auditory tubes?
Nasopharynx
What is the primary purpose of external respiration?
To allow diffusion of oxygen from air to blood
What is the term for difficult or labored breathing?
Dyspea
Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for breathing?
Increasing oxygen levels in the blood
What is the process involving the movement of oxygen from the blood into the body cells and the exchange of carbon dioxide from the cells into the blood?
Internal Respiration
What is the mechanism by which CO2 is transported in the blood by binding to hemoglobin molecules?
Binding to hemoglobin molecules
What is the term for normal unlabored breathing at a regular rate?
Eupnea
What muscles contract to allow us to inspire air?
The diaphragm and external intercostals
Which part of the pharynx is situated behind the larynx and extends downward to merge with the esophagus?
Laryngopharynx
What is the function of the oropharynx?
It serves as a common pathway for both air and food.
What is referred to as a temporary cessation of breathing?
Apnea
What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration?
Vital Capacity
What stimulates breathing?
Rising CO2 levels in the blood
How is CO2 transported in the blood?
By being dissolved in plasma, converted to Bicarbonate ions, and binding to hemoglobin molecules
What is the process of moving oxygen from the blood into the body cells and exchanging carbon dioxide from the cells into the blood?
Internal Respiration
What is quiet expiration?
A passive process that depends on the relaxation of inspiratory muscles
Which salivary glands are located in the oropharynx?
Minor Salivary Glands
What is the term for normal, unlabored breathing at a regular rate?
Eupnea
Study Notes
Pharynx Regions
- Nasopharynx: uppermost part of the pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity, serving as a passageway for air and communicating with the middle ear through the auditory tubes.
- Oropharynx: positioned behind the oral cavity, serving as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a role in both respiration and digestion.
- Laryngopharynx: lowest part of the pharynx, situated behind the larynx (voice box) and extending downward to merge with the esophagus, serving as a pathway for both air and food, directing them to their respective destinations.
Glands in the Oropharynx
- Salivary Glands:
- Minor Salivary Glands:
- Palatine Tonsils:
Breathing Terminology
- Referred Apnea: temporary cessation of breathing, a pause of interruption in breathing that lasts for a short period.
- Eupnea: normal, unlabored breathing at a regular rate, indicating good/ healthy breathing.
- Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing, characterized by intense tightening in the chest.
- Vital Capacity: the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration.
Stimuli for Breathing
- Rising CO2 levels in the blood.
- Acidosis resulting from CO2 retention.
- Arterial PO2 below 60 mmHg.
CO2 Transport in the Blood
- Dissolved in plasma.
- Converted to Bicarbonate ions.
- Bound to hemoglobin molecules.
Respiration
- External Respiration: allows diffusion of oxygen from air to blood.
- Internal Respiration: the process involving the movement of oxygen from the blood into the body cells and the exchange of carbon dioxide from the cells into the blood.
Breathing Process
- Normal Quiet Expiration: a passive process that depends on the relaxation of inspiratory muscles.
- Inspiratory Muscles: the diaphragm and external intercostals contract to inspire air.
Gas Diffusion
- Gas diffuses from high partial pressures to lower partial pressures across the alveolar capillary membrane.
Respiratory Membrane
- Composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls with Type I pneumocytes.
Respiratory Structures
- Pulmonary Bronchus.
- Secondary Bronchus.
- Respiratory Bronchiole.
Tracheal C-Rings
- Allow the trachea to always remain open for the passage of air.
Larynx Structures
- Cricoid Cartilage.
- Epiglottis.
- Vocal Cords.
- Thyroid Cartilage.
Pharynx Regions
- Nasopharynx: uppermost part of the pharynx, located behind the nasal cavity, serving as a passageway for air and communicating with the middle ear through the auditory tubes.
- Oropharynx: positioned behind the oral cavity, serving as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a role in both respiration and digestion.
- Laryngopharynx: lowest part of the pharynx, situated behind the larynx (voice box) and extending downward to merge with the esophagus, serving as a pathway for both air and food, directing them to their respective destinations.
Glands in the Oropharynx
- Salivary Glands:
- Minor Salivary Glands:
- Palatine Tonsils:
Breathing Terminology
- Referred Apnea: temporary cessation of breathing, a pause of interruption in breathing that lasts for a short period.
- Eupnea: normal, unlabored breathing at a regular rate, indicating good/ healthy breathing.
- Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing, characterized by intense tightening in the chest.
- Vital Capacity: the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration.
Stimuli for Breathing
- Rising CO2 levels in the blood.
- Acidosis resulting from CO2 retention.
- Arterial PO2 below 60 mmHg.
CO2 Transport in the Blood
- Dissolved in plasma.
- Converted to Bicarbonate ions.
- Bound to hemoglobin molecules.
Respiration
- External Respiration: allows diffusion of oxygen from air to blood.
- Internal Respiration: the process involving the movement of oxygen from the blood into the body cells and the exchange of carbon dioxide from the cells into the blood.
Breathing Process
- Normal Quiet Expiration: a passive process that depends on the relaxation of inspiratory muscles.
- Inspiratory Muscles: the diaphragm and external intercostals contract to inspire air.
Gas Diffusion
- Gas diffuses from high partial pressures to lower partial pressures across the alveolar capillary membrane.
Respiratory Membrane
- Composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls with Type I pneumocytes.
Respiratory Structures
- Pulmonary Bronchus.
- Secondary Bronchus.
- Respiratory Bronchiole.
Tracheal C-Rings
- Allow the trachea to always remain open for the passage of air.
Larynx Structures
- Cricoid Cartilage.
- Epiglottis.
- Vocal Cords.
- Thyroid Cartilage.
Learn about the different regions of the pharynx, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, and their functions in respiration and digestion. Understand the anatomy and roles of each region.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
