32 Questions
What is the focus of microtaxonomy?
Demarcating species
Which taxonomy is responsible for the first classification of species?
α-taxonomy
How many species have been described so far?
~8.7 million
Why is there uncertainty about the total number of species?
Human activities are causing extinctions before species can be discovered.
According to Stuessy (2009), what role do species play in biological classification?
Building blocks for higher and lower group concepts
What analogy does Worm (2011) use to emphasize the importance of knowing the number of species?
Population of a country
According to Darwin in 1859, what did he find vague and arbitrary?
The distinction between species and varieties
Which isolating mechanism prevents mating from occurring?
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms
What is the key concept that helps us understand how species are formed?
Biological species concept
What type of species concept is recommended with some qualifications for defining a species?
Biological species concept
What do post-zygotic isolating mechanisms prevent?
Formation of a zygote
Which term refers to a species that is found in only one location?
Endemic species
According to Plato, how did he define 'Eidos' or 'species'?
Any unit possessing a common essence
According to John Ray, what did he state about species and variations?
Set of individuals closely resembling each other and that it does not essentially differ from the term variety
How did Linnaeus view species according to the text?
Created by God; possessed an essence in the Aristotelian and religious senses; deviant forms were not deserving to the rank of species but rather of variety
How did Cuvier describe species based on the text?
'Specific form conditioned by function'
According to Jordan, what constitutes a species within a community?
'Distinct breeding groups existing together within a community'
What idea does the morphological species concept (MSC) support?
'Members of a species are individuals that look similar to each other.'
What is the main challenge with assessing allopatric populations' potential for interbreeding?
Difficulty in determining if populations are interbreeding
Which species concept defines a species as a lineage evolving separately with its own evolutionary role and tendencies?
Evolutionary Species Concept
What advantage does the Evolutionary Species Concept offer in terms of hybridization?
Allows intermittent hybridization without affecting evolutionary trajectory
Which concept defines a species as the smallest diagnosable monophyletic group sharing derived characters as evidence of descent?
Phylogenetic Species Concept
What is a common problem associated with the Phylogenetic Species Concept?
Difficulty in determining evolutionary independence
Why is hybridization not considered a major issue under the Evolutionary Species Concept?
It allows for hybridization without affecting the evolutionary trajectory
What is the main purpose of temporal isolation?
To ensure mating occurs during different times of day, seasons, or years
Which post-zygotic mechanism involves hybrids failing to produce functional gametes?
Reduced hybrid fertility
What type of speciation results in the branching out of a new species from a parent species?
Cladogenesis
In which type of speciation does geographic isolation play a significant role?
Allopatric speciation
What is the mechanism behind parapatric speciation?
Unequal dispersal or distribution leading to a small contact zone
What is the result of allopatric speciation?
Population splitting due to geographical isolation
What defines sympatric speciation?
Populations evolving in the same region without geographic isolation
'Balanced polymorphisms' refer to __.
The presence of two variant forms of a specific DNA sequence within an individual
Explore various perspectives from philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, John Ray, Linnaeus, and Cuvier on the concept of species and how they defined it. Gain insights into the essence, true breeding, essence by God, and functional conditions associated with species.
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