Philosophical Perspectives on Species Definition
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of microtaxonomy?

  • Classifying species hierarchically
  • Describing and recognizing species
  • Demarcating species (correct)
  • Understanding evolutionary factors

    • Which taxonomy is responsible for the first classification of species?

  • γ-taxonomy
  • β-taxonomy
  • α-taxonomy (correct)
  • Macrotaxonomy

    • How many species have been described so far?

  • ~3 million
  • ~8.7 million (correct)
  • ~100 million
  • ~1 million

    • Why is there uncertainty about the total number of species?

    <p>Human activities are causing extinctions before species can be discovered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Stuessy (2009), what role do species play in biological classification?

    <p>Building blocks for higher and lower group concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy does Worm (2011) use to emphasize the importance of knowing the number of species?

    <p>Population of a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Darwin in 1859, what did he find vague and arbitrary?

    <p>The distinction between species and varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isolating mechanism prevents mating from occurring?

    <p>Prezygotic isolating mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept that helps us understand how species are formed?

    <p>Biological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of species concept is recommended with some qualifications for defining a species?

    <p>Biological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do post-zygotic isolating mechanisms prevent?

    <p>Formation of a zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a species that is found in only one location?

    <p>Endemic species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, how did he define 'Eidos' or 'species'?

    <p>Any unit possessing a common essence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Ray, what did he state about species and variations?

    <p>Set of individuals closely resembling each other and that it does not essentially differ from the term variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Linnaeus view species according to the text?

    <p>Created by God; possessed an essence in the Aristotelian and religious senses; deviant forms were not deserving to the rank of species but rather of variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Cuvier describe species based on the text?

    <p>'Specific form conditioned by function'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jordan, what constitutes a species within a community?

    <p>'Distinct breeding groups existing together within a community'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What idea does the morphological species concept (MSC) support?

    <p>'Members of a species are individuals that look similar to each other.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge with assessing allopatric populations' potential for interbreeding?

    <p>Difficulty in determining if populations are interbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species concept defines a species as a lineage evolving separately with its own evolutionary role and tendencies?

    <p>Evolutionary Species Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the Evolutionary Species Concept offer in terms of hybridization?

    <p>Allows intermittent hybridization without affecting evolutionary trajectory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept defines a species as the smallest diagnosable monophyletic group sharing derived characters as evidence of descent?

    <p>Phylogenetic Species Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem associated with the Phylogenetic Species Concept?

    <p>Difficulty in determining evolutionary independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hybridization not considered a major issue under the Evolutionary Species Concept?

    <p>It allows for hybridization without affecting the evolutionary trajectory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of temporal isolation?

    <p>To ensure mating occurs during different times of day, seasons, or years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which post-zygotic mechanism involves hybrids failing to produce functional gametes?

    <p>Reduced hybrid fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation results in the branching out of a new species from a parent species?

    <p>Cladogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of speciation does geographic isolation play a significant role?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism behind parapatric speciation?

    <p>Unequal dispersal or distribution leading to a small contact zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of allopatric speciation?

    <p>Population splitting due to geographical isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines sympatric speciation?

    <p>Populations evolving in the same region without geographic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Balanced polymorphisms' refer to __.

    <p>The presence of two variant forms of a specific DNA sequence within an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

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