APUSH I Final

American Nationalism and Culture

• The War of 1812 fostered a sense of unity and pride, promoting American nationalism
• The Monroe Doctrine asserted an independent and strong American role in international affairs, closing off the Western hemisphere to European colonization
• Romantic landscapes of the American frontier celebrated the natural beauty of the United States and reinforced the concept of Manifest Destiny
• Transcendentalism emphasized individualism, nature, and self-reliance, contributing to a unique American intellectual tradition
• The push for public education aimed to create an educated citizenry essential for a functioning democracy
• The early 19th century saw various social reform movements, including temperance, abolition, and women's rights, reflecting a dynamic and evolving American society
• The Star-Spangled Banner became a powerful symbol of American resilience and patriotism

Effects of the Rise of Manufacturing

• Industrialization led to a shift from agrarian economies to industrial ones, with factories and urban centers growing rapidly
• Manufacturing spurred economic growth by increasing productivity, generating wealth, and creating new jobs
• However, it also contributed to income disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class, leading to social tensions
• Henry Clay advocated for a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network to promote industry in the US

Rise of Mass Democracy

• The American Revolution and its principles of liberty, equality, and self-governance fostered a culture of democracy and civic engagement
• The belief in Manifest Destiny and American exceptionalism fueled a sense of national pride and unity, promoting the expansion of democratic principles
• The market economy was predominantly agricultural, with many farmers practicing subsistence farming for their own consumption

Manifest Destiny and Slavery

• Manifest Destiny became a unifying national ideology, promoting a sense of shared purpose and destiny
• The South became overly reliant on slave labor, with cotton being a major cash crop
• Abolitionism emerged as a social and political movement dedicated to the immediate emancipation of enslaved people and the end of slavery
• The American Colonization Society aimed to relocate free African Americans to Africa

1850s Events

• The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, tipping the balance against the South in the Senate
• The 1850 Compromise also abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia and introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in these territories, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise
• Uncles Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe displayed the horrors of slavery to the North
• Bleeding Kansas saw violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers
• Charles Sumner was beaten by Representative Preston Brooks on the Senate floor after delivering a fiery anti-slavery speech
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates highlighted the deep divisions and increasing violence over the slavery issue
• John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry aimed to incite a slave rebellion, but it failed and heightened sectional tensions

Causes of the Civil War

• Slavery was a major cause of the Civil War
• States' rights and ineffective compromises (Compromise of 1850 and Missouri Compromise) also contributed
• Lincoln's election as president and the South's secession were additional factors

Lincoln's Response to Secession

• Lincoln declared secession impractical due to geographical, economic, and political reasons

Union and Confederate Forces

• The Union had more money, better technology, and a stronger navy
• The Confederacy had more training and home field advantage

Reaction to the Draft

• The federal draft was introduced in 1863 due to a lack of volunteers
• People could purchase substitutes for $300, leading to riots and protests from underprivileged groups

Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation

• The Battle of Antietam demonstrated the Union's power and stalled foreign intervention
• The Emancipation Proclamation made slavery the main reason for the war, with the North fighting for a moral cause

Just a way for me to study for my APUSH final.