Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
What is a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
- They have a distinct membrane-bound nucleus
- They have cellulose cell walls
- They are multicellular
- They are always single-celled (correct)
Eukaryotic cells are substantially smaller than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are substantially smaller than prokaryotic cells.
False (B)
What do animals feed on?
What do animals feed on?
organic substances made by other living things
Animal cells store carbohydrates as _______________________.
Animal cells store carbohydrates as _______________________.
What is a characteristic of plant cells?
What is a characteristic of plant cells?
Eukaryotic cells are prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic cells are prokaryotic.
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of organism:
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of organism:
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
What is used to measure the size of cells under a microscope?
What is used to measure the size of cells under a microscope?
Biological drawings should be small and detailed.
Biological drawings should be small and detailed.
What is a limitation of viewing cell structures on a slide?
What is a limitation of viewing cell structures on a slide?
Cell structures are 3D, but appear _______________________ on a slide.
Cell structures are 3D, but appear _______________________ on a slide.
Match the following microscope tools with their functions:
Match the following microscope tools with their functions:
What should be considered when producing biological drawings?
What should be considered when producing biological drawings?
The size of cells or structures of tissues always appears consistent on a slide.
The size of cells or structures of tissues always appears consistent on a slide.
What is the purpose of using a calibrated graticule?
What is the purpose of using a calibrated graticule?
What is the function of whip-like tails attached to bacteria?
What is the function of whip-like tails attached to bacteria?
Lactobacillus is a spherical bacterium.
Lactobacillus is a spherical bacterium.
What is differentiation in the context of cell specialization?
What is differentiation in the context of cell specialization?
Ciliated epithelial cells are an example of ______________ cells.
Ciliated epithelial cells are an example of ______________ cells.
What is the function of sperm cells?
What is the function of sperm cells?
Pneumococcus is a rod-shaped bacterium.
Pneumococcus is a rod-shaped bacterium.
Match the following bacteria with their characteristics:
Match the following bacteria with their characteristics:
What is the purpose of adaptations in specialized cells?
What is the purpose of adaptations in specialized cells?
What is the most common type of specimen observed under a light microscope?
What is the most common type of specimen observed under a light microscope?
It is not necessary to wear gloves when preparing a slide using a liquid specimen.
It is not necessary to wear gloves when preparing a slide using a liquid specimen.
What is the purpose of adding a stain to the specimen?
What is the purpose of adding a stain to the specimen?
When preparing a slide using a solid specimen, it is necessary to use scissors to cut a small sample of the _______________________
When preparing a slide using a solid specimen, it is necessary to use scissors to cut a small sample of the _______________________
What is the purpose of gently pressing down on the coverslip when preparing a slide?
What is the purpose of gently pressing down on the coverslip when preparing a slide?
All tissue samples require treatment with chemicals to make them rigid.
All tissue samples require treatment with chemicals to make them rigid.
What tool is used to peel away or cut a very thin layer of cells from the tissue sample?
What tool is used to peel away or cut a very thin layer of cells from the tissue sample?
Match the following steps with the correct method of preparing a slide:
Match the following steps with the correct method of preparing a slide:
Why are some structures not visible under optical microscopes?
Why are some structures not visible under optical microscopes?
Converting units is necessary when calculating magnification in a biology exam.
Converting units is necessary when calculating magnification in a biology exam.
What is the purpose of converting units in biology?
What is the purpose of converting units in biology?
When given a question with two different units, make sure to make a conversion so that both measurements have the same unit expressed in _______________________.
When given a question with two different units, make sure to make a conversion so that both measurements have the same unit expressed in _______________________.
Match the following units with their corresponding conversion factors:
Match the following units with their corresponding conversion factors:
Eukaryotic cells can be seen under optical microscopes without any issues.
Eukaryotic cells can be seen under optical microscopes without any issues.
What should you do when given a question with two different units in a biology exam?
What should you do when given a question with two different units in a biology exam?
What is the benefit of using the same unit when calculating magnification?
What is the benefit of using the same unit when calculating magnification?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Eukaryotic cells have a distinct membrane-bound nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their nuclear material is found in the cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
- Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
Eukaryotic Organisms: Animals and Plants
- Animals are multicellular, have cells with a nucleus, and do not have cellulose cell walls or chloroplasts.
- Animals feed on organic substances made by other living things, store carbohydrates as glycogen, and have nervous coordination.
- Animals are able to move from place to place.
Bacteria
- Bacteria have whip-like tails called flagella that allow them to move.
- Examples of bacteria include Lactobacillus (used in yoghurt production) and Pneumococcus (causes pneumonia).
Specialised Cells
- Specialised cells have developed adaptations to perform specific functions.
- Cells specialise by undergoing differentiation, which is the process by which cells develop the structure and characteristics needed to carry out their functions.
- Examples of specialised cells in animals include sperm cells, egg cells, and ciliated epithelial cells.
- Sperm cells are highly specialised for their role in reproduction, carrying the DNA of the male to the egg cell of the female.
Microscopy
- To observe cells under a light microscope, specimens must be prepared on a microscope slide.
- The most common specimens to observe are cheek cells (animal cells) and onion cells (plant cells).
- A stain may be required to make cell structures visible, depending on the type of tissue being examined.
- To take measurements of cells, a calibrated graticule is used.
Measuring Cells and Structures
- An eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer are used to measure the size of objects when viewed under a microscope.
- Biological drawings of cells and structures should be as large as possible and follow specific rules.
Limitations of Microscopy
- The size of cells or structures of tissues may appear inconsistent in different specimen slides due to the 3D structure of cells and the different planes at which tissue samples are cut.
- Optical microscopes do not have the same magnification power as other types of microscopes, so some structures may not be visible.
- The treatment of specimens when preparing slides could alter the structure of cells.
Using Units
- When converting units, ensure that both measurements have the same unit before proceeding with the calculation.
- Remember the conversion factors between mm (millimetres), µm (micrometres), and nm (nanometres) to help with calculations.
- Make conversions so that both measurements have the same unit before doing calculations, especially in magnification calculations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
