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Questions and Answers
What factors determine the outcome of primary contamination from MBT?
What factors determine the outcome of primary contamination from MBT?
mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism and its immunity
What percentage of cases do not develop the pathological process due to adequate immune response?
What percentage of cases do not develop the pathological process due to adequate immune response?
90-95%
What happens to macrophages after intensive death of MBT?
What happens to macrophages after intensive death of MBT?
apoptosis of macrophages
What forms around the site of infection to restrict the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues?
What forms around the site of infection to restrict the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues?
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What happens to the mycobacterium population in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
What happens to the mycobacterium population in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
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What is the primary function of the dense fibrous membrane that forms around the site of infection?
What is the primary function of the dense fibrous membrane that forms around the site of infection?
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What happens to the mycobacterium in persons with adequate immune response?
What happens to the mycobacterium in persons with adequate immune response?
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What is the result of the formation of granuloma in macrophages?
What is the result of the formation of granuloma in macrophages?
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What is the outcome of the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
What is the outcome of the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
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In what way do the macrophages respond to the mycobacterium in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
In what way do the macrophages respond to the mycobacterium in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
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Study Notes
Development of Tuberculosis
- The outcome of primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.
Three Variants of Tuberculosis Infection
-
1st Variant: In 90-95% of cases, the pathological process does not develop in individuals with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
- Intensive death of MBT occurs, followed by apoptosis of macrophages.
- Caseous necrosis forms in the central part of granuloma.
- A dense fibrous membrane (Qcapsule) restricts the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.
- The disease does not develop.
-
2nd Variant: The mycobacterium population escapes from the toxic effect of macrophages and preserves in a low-activity state.
- "Dormant" or "sleeping" condition of mycobacterial.
- The disease does not develop, but the risk remains of getting sick in the future.
- Risk factors for reactivation include:
- HIV infection
- Treatment with immunodepressants
- Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
- Severe chronic stress
- Severe diseases
- Starvation
- Infected individuals with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis may reactivate dormant mycobacterium, leading to disease development.
-
3rd Variant: In 5-10% of infected individuals, the organism is unable to manage infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency.
- This leads to the development of disease.
Development of Tuberculosis
- The outcome of primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.
Three Variants of Tuberculosis Infection
-
1st Variant: In 90-95% of cases, the pathological process does not develop in individuals with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
- Intensive death of MBT occurs, followed by apoptosis of macrophages.
- Caseous necrosis forms in the central part of granuloma.
- A dense fibrous membrane (Qcapsule) restricts the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.
- The disease does not develop.
-
2nd Variant: The mycobacterium population escapes from the toxic effect of macrophages and preserves in a low-activity state.
- "Dormant" or "sleeping" condition of mycobacterial.
- The disease does not develop, but the risk remains of getting sick in the future.
- Risk factors for reactivation include:
- HIV infection
- Treatment with immunodepressants
- Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
- Severe chronic stress
- Severe diseases
- Starvation
- Infected individuals with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis may reactivate dormant mycobacterium, leading to disease development.
-
3rd Variant: In 5-10% of infected individuals, the organism is unable to manage infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency.
- This leads to the development of disease.
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Description
Learn about the development of tuberculosis, including the outcome of primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the three variants of tuberculosis infection.
