Emirates Society: Geography and History
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Questions and Answers

When was the first export of oil from Abu Dhabi?

1962

When was the first export of oil from Dubai?

1969

Which emirate had limited development until 1966 when Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan became ruler?

  • Dubai
  • Ras al-Khaimah
  • Sharjah
  • Abu Dhabi (correct)
  • Anti-colonialism involves political, cultural, and economic aspects in resistance against colonial powers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with the corresponding years:

    <p>Iranian revolution = 1979 Siege of Mecca = 1979 Invasion of Afghanistan = 1979 Iraq invasion of Kuwait = 1990 Global economic crisis = 2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was chosen as the first President of the United Arab Emirates when it was created in 1971?

    <p>Sheikh Zayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an enclave in political geography?

    <p>A territory completely surrounded by the territory of one other state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of establishing a contiguous zone in maritime law?

    <p>To assert law enforcement capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultured pearls made natural pearls uncompetitive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest sand desert in the world known as the Empty Quarter is located in ______.

    <p>Saudi Arabia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the emirate with its historic confederation: 1. Abu Dhabi 2. Umm Al Quwain 3. Ajman 4. Ras Al Khaimah

    <p>Beni Yas, Awamir, Dhowahir = Abu Dhabi Beni Ka'ib, Beni Kattab, Na'im = Umm Al Quwain N/A = Ras Al Khaimah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the basis of Dubai's rapidly increasing prosperity?

    <p>International trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the opposition or resistance to colonialism?

    <p>Anti-colonialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the pre-1970 economic development in the Emirates?

    <p>Development varied with each Emirate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is owned by each Emirate according to the oil exploration agreements?

    <p>Resources of an Emirate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant event that affected the Emirates in the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>Pan-Arabism movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aided the development of some Emirates before 1970?

    <p>Aid from Arab states and Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core ideology of Pan-Arabism?

    <p>Political and cultural unity of the Arab world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of anti-colonialism in the Gulf region?

    <p>Resistance against economic exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements was not primarily focused on Arab nationalism?

    <p>Liberalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major aspect of the political movements in the Emirates during the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>Resistance against colonialism and promotion of Arab unity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key aspect of colonial powers' control in the Gulf region?

    <p>Imposition of unequal economic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary objective of the political movements in the Emirates during the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>Resisting colonialism and promoting national identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason behind Saudi Arabia's occupation of the Buraimi Oasis village of Hamasa in 1952?

    <p>To put pressure on Abu Dhabi for oil resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the economic collapse of the Emirates in the early 20th century?

    <p>Pearl diving industry decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Sharjah during World War 2?

    <p>It was a British air base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Japanese cultured pearls on the Emirates' pearl diving industry?

    <p>It made natural pearls uncompetitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation behind the Persian migration to Dubai?

    <p>To establish trade businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the US air facility inside the British air base in Sharjah?

    <p>It was a transit point for global war transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes for the text:

    Emirates Society

    • Introduction to Emirates Society
      • Building foundation knowledge
      • Geography, History, and Key terms

    Geography

    • Flags of the Emirates
      • Changes with time and territory
      • Changes depending on peacetime and war
      • Need to use historical original sources
    • Population in 1943
      • Source: IOR/R/15/2/299
    • Political Geography
      • Internal borders
      • External borders
      • Waters
    • Enclaves and Exclaves
      • An enclave is a territory surrounded by another state
      • An exclave is a part of a state separated from the main part
    • Waters of the UAE
      • Territorial Sea: 12 nautical miles from the baseline
      • Contiguous Zone: up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline
      • Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline

    History

    • Pre-Ancient and Ancient Timeline
    • British Royal Navy and British East India Company attack on Ras Al Khaimah, 1809
      • Led to the 'Pirate Coast' name
    • General Maritime Treaty of 1820
      • Prohibited piracy in the Persian Gulf
      • Banned some forms of slavery
      • Required all usable ships to be registered with British forces
    • 1853 Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Peace
      • Prohibited aggression at sea
      • Rulers agreed to escalate disputes to the British Resident
    • 1892 Exclusive Treaty Agreement
      • Rulers agreed to let Britain handle external affairs
      • Britain agreed to defend the rulers' external security

    Life in the Emirates

    • Pearl Diving
      • Important industry before oil discovery
      • Made Abu Dhabi rich
    • Agriculture, Fishing, and Animal Husbandry
      • Important sources of livelihood
    • Precarious Life
      • Desert locusts affected agriculture
      • Oil discovery changed the economy

    Oil History

    • First oil exploration agreements in the 1930s
    • First oil export from Abu Dhabi in 1962
    • First oil export from Dubai in 1969

    Pre-1970 Economic Development

    • Varied with emirate
    • Resources owned by each emirate
    • Aid from Arab states and Britain
    • Dubai's growth due to international trade and entrepreneurial ability
    • Abu Dhabi's limited development until Sheikh Zayed became ruler in 1966

    Political Movements

    • Anti-Colonialism
      • Opposition to colonialism
      • Preservation of indigenous cultures and traditions
      • Nationalism and self-determination
      • Economic liberation
    • Pan-Arabism
      • Advocates for Arab unity and solidarity
      • Shared history, language, and culture
      • Pursuit of common economic, political, and cultural interests
    • Baathism
      • Combines elements of nationalism, socialism, and Arab unity
      • Seeks to establish a modern, secular, and progressive Arab state

    Unity and Federation

    • 1968: Britain announces its intention to withdraw from the Gulf region
    • 1968: Rulers of Dubai and Abu Dhabi reach an agreement, inviting other emirates to join
    • 1971: United Arab Emirates (UAE) is formed, with Sheikh Zayed as the first President
    • Abu Dhabi funds the federal government and northern emirates

    Early Oil Exploration and Export

    • 1945-1951: Oil exploration agreements finalized in Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, and Ajman
    • 1962: First export of oil from Abu Dhabi
    • 1969: First export of oil from Dubai

    Pre-1970 Economic Development

    • Economic development varied among emirates
    • Resources of an emirate are owned by the emirate
    • Aid received from Arab states and Britain

    Dubai's Development

    • International trade became the basis of rapidly increasing prosperity in Dubai
    • Dubai grew and developed due to inhabitants' entrepreneurial abilities, not oil

    Abu Dhabi's Development

    • Limited development in Abu Dhabi until 1966 when Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan became ruler

    Political Movements

    • Anti-colonialism: opposing unequal economic practices imposed by colonial powers
    • Pan-Arabism: advocating for the political and cultural unity of the Arab world
    • Baathism: a political ideology prominent in the 1960s and 1970s

    Persian Developments

    • Late 1880s: Persians sought to impose control over coastal Arabs, leading to migration
    • Many settled in Dubai, establishing trading businesses with settlers from Baluchestan and India

    Life in the Emirates

    • Pearl diving: a significant source of wealth, especially in Abu Dhabi
    • Japanese cultured pearls made natural pearls uncompetitive, leading to economic collapse in the 1930s
    • Agriculture, fishing, and animal husbandry were precarious due to the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria)

    Importance of Sharjah and British Air Route

    • World War 2: British air base at Sharjah used for anti-ship and submarine operations against Italy, Germany, and Japan
    • US air facility inside British air base used for transit eastwards to attack Japan

    Buraimi Incident

    • 1949: Saudi Arabia claimed the area of Buraimi
    • 1952: Saudi Arabian armed constabulary force occupied the Buraimi Oasis village of Hamasa
    • Motivated by Saudi Arabia's desire to access Abu Dhabi's potential oil resources and influence over Abu Dhabi and Omani tribes

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