Questions and Answers
When was the first export of oil from Abu Dhabi?
1962
When was the first export of oil from Dubai?
1969
Which emirate had limited development until 1966 when Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan became ruler?
Abu Dhabi
Anti-colonialism involves political, cultural, and economic aspects in resistance against colonial powers.
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Match the following events with the corresponding years:
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Who was chosen as the first President of the United Arab Emirates when it was created in 1971?
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What is the definition of an enclave in political geography?
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What is the main purpose of establishing a contiguous zone in maritime law?
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Cultured pearls made natural pearls uncompetitive.
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The largest sand desert in the world known as the Empty Quarter is located in ______.
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Match the emirate with its historic confederation: 1. Abu Dhabi 2. Umm Al Quwain 3. Ajman 4. Ras Al Khaimah
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What was the basis of Dubai's rapidly increasing prosperity?
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What is the term that refers to the opposition or resistance to colonialism?
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What is a characteristic of the pre-1970 economic development in the Emirates?
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What is owned by each Emirate according to the oil exploration agreements?
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What was a significant event that affected the Emirates in the 1960s and 1970s?
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What aided the development of some Emirates before 1970?
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What is the core ideology of Pan-Arabism?
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What was the focus of anti-colonialism in the Gulf region?
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Which of the following movements was not primarily focused on Arab nationalism?
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What was a major aspect of the political movements in the Emirates during the 1960s and 1970s?
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What was a key aspect of colonial powers' control in the Gulf region?
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What was a primary objective of the political movements in the Emirates during the 1960s and 1970s?
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What was the reason behind Saudi Arabia's occupation of the Buraimi Oasis village of Hamasa in 1952?
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What led to the economic collapse of the Emirates in the early 20th century?
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What was the significance of Sharjah during World War 2?
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What was the impact of Japanese cultured pearls on the Emirates' pearl diving industry?
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What was the primary motivation behind the Persian migration to Dubai?
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What was the significance of the US air facility inside the British air base in Sharjah?
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Study Notes
Here are the study notes for the text:
Emirates Society
- Introduction to Emirates Society
- Building foundation knowledge
- Geography, History, and Key terms
Geography
- Flags of the Emirates
- Changes with time and territory
- Changes depending on peacetime and war
- Need to use historical original sources
- Population in 1943
- Source: IOR/R/15/2/299
- Political Geography
- Internal borders
- External borders
- Waters
- Enclaves and Exclaves
- An enclave is a territory surrounded by another state
- An exclave is a part of a state separated from the main part
- Waters of the UAE
- Territorial Sea: 12 nautical miles from the baseline
- Contiguous Zone: up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline
- Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline
History
- Pre-Ancient and Ancient Timeline
- British Royal Navy and British East India Company attack on Ras Al Khaimah, 1809
- Led to the 'Pirate Coast' name
- General Maritime Treaty of 1820
- Prohibited piracy in the Persian Gulf
- Banned some forms of slavery
- Required all usable ships to be registered with British forces
- 1853 Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Peace
- Prohibited aggression at sea
- Rulers agreed to escalate disputes to the British Resident
- 1892 Exclusive Treaty Agreement
- Rulers agreed to let Britain handle external affairs
- Britain agreed to defend the rulers' external security
Life in the Emirates
- Pearl Diving
- Important industry before oil discovery
- Made Abu Dhabi rich
- Agriculture, Fishing, and Animal Husbandry
- Important sources of livelihood
- Precarious Life
- Desert locusts affected agriculture
- Oil discovery changed the economy
Oil History
- First oil exploration agreements in the 1930s
- First oil export from Abu Dhabi in 1962
- First oil export from Dubai in 1969
Pre-1970 Economic Development
- Varied with emirate
- Resources owned by each emirate
- Aid from Arab states and Britain
- Dubai's growth due to international trade and entrepreneurial ability
- Abu Dhabi's limited development until Sheikh Zayed became ruler in 1966
Political Movements
- Anti-Colonialism
- Opposition to colonialism
- Preservation of indigenous cultures and traditions
- Nationalism and self-determination
- Economic liberation
- Pan-Arabism
- Advocates for Arab unity and solidarity
- Shared history, language, and culture
- Pursuit of common economic, political, and cultural interests
- Baathism
- Combines elements of nationalism, socialism, and Arab unity
- Seeks to establish a modern, secular, and progressive Arab state
Unity and Federation
- 1968: Britain announces its intention to withdraw from the Gulf region
- 1968: Rulers of Dubai and Abu Dhabi reach an agreement, inviting other emirates to join
- 1971: United Arab Emirates (UAE) is formed, with Sheikh Zayed as the first President
- Abu Dhabi funds the federal government and northern emirates
Early Oil Exploration and Export
- 1945-1951: Oil exploration agreements finalized in Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, and Ajman
- 1962: First export of oil from Abu Dhabi
- 1969: First export of oil from Dubai
Pre-1970 Economic Development
- Economic development varied among emirates
- Resources of an emirate are owned by the emirate
- Aid received from Arab states and Britain
Dubai's Development
- International trade became the basis of rapidly increasing prosperity in Dubai
- Dubai grew and developed due to inhabitants' entrepreneurial abilities, not oil
Abu Dhabi's Development
- Limited development in Abu Dhabi until 1966 when Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan became ruler
Political Movements
- Anti-colonialism: opposing unequal economic practices imposed by colonial powers
- Pan-Arabism: advocating for the political and cultural unity of the Arab world
- Baathism: a political ideology prominent in the 1960s and 1970s
Persian Developments
- Late 1880s: Persians sought to impose control over coastal Arabs, leading to migration
- Many settled in Dubai, establishing trading businesses with settlers from Baluchestan and India
Life in the Emirates
- Pearl diving: a significant source of wealth, especially in Abu Dhabi
- Japanese cultured pearls made natural pearls uncompetitive, leading to economic collapse in the 1930s
- Agriculture, fishing, and animal husbandry were precarious due to the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
Importance of Sharjah and British Air Route
- World War 2: British air base at Sharjah used for anti-ship and submarine operations against Italy, Germany, and Japan
- US air facility inside British air base used for transit eastwards to attack Japan
Buraimi Incident
- 1949: Saudi Arabia claimed the area of Buraimi
- 1952: Saudi Arabian armed constabulary force occupied the Buraimi Oasis village of Hamasa
- Motivated by Saudi Arabia's desire to access Abu Dhabi's potential oil resources and influence over Abu Dhabi and Omani tribes
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