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What is the primary function of aquaporins in facilitated diffusion?
What is the primary function of aquaporins in facilitated diffusion?
During osmosis, water molecules move from an area of:
During osmosis, water molecules move from an area of:
What is the primary difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
What is the primary difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
Which of the following is an example of a molecule that can move via facilitated diffusion?
Which of the following is an example of a molecule that can move via facilitated diffusion?
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What is the term for the pressure that causes water to move during osmosis?
What is the term for the pressure that causes water to move during osmosis?
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What is the direction of movement of solutes during active transport?
What is the direction of movement of solutes during active transport?
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What is the purpose of carrier proteins in active transport?
What is the purpose of carrier proteins in active transport?
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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes passive movement from active movement across the membrane?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes passive movement from active movement across the membrane?
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What is the primary function of the cell membrane in relation to the movement of substances?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane in relation to the movement of substances?
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What is the process of movement of substances across the cell membrane with the concentration gradient?
What is the process of movement of substances across the cell membrane with the concentration gradient?
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What type of diffusion uses a protein channel or carrier protein to move substances across the membrane?
What type of diffusion uses a protein channel or carrier protein to move substances across the membrane?
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What is the movement of water molecules across the cell membrane based on solute concentration?
What is the movement of water molecules across the cell membrane based on solute concentration?
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Which of the following is an example of a nitrogenous waste?
Which of the following is an example of a nitrogenous waste?
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What type of movement is shown in the diagram, where the blue molecules move across the membrane?
What type of movement is shown in the diagram, where the blue molecules move across the membrane?
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What is the term for the movement of substances across the cell membrane without requiring energy?
What is the term for the movement of substances across the cell membrane without requiring energy?
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What is the state of the concentration of molecules in both regions when equilibrium is reached?
What is the state of the concentration of molecules in both regions when equilibrium is reached?
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Which of the following substances can move through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
Which of the following substances can move through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
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What type of proteins are employed when the molecules cannot move through the phospholipid bi-layer?
What type of proteins are employed when the molecules cannot move through the phospholipid bi-layer?
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What is the term for the process of substances moving down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached?
What is the term for the process of substances moving down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached?
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What is the function of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?
What is the function of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?
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What would happen if the molecules were larger, polar, or charged?
What would happen if the molecules were larger, polar, or charged?
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What is the result of simple diffusion?
What is the result of simple diffusion?
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What is the purpose of channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?
What is the purpose of channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?
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What is the direction of movement in simple diffusion?
What is the direction of movement in simple diffusion?
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Study Notes
Passive Movement Across the Membrane
- Simple diffusion occurs when small, non-polar molecules move easily across the phospholipid bilayer, from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, until equilibrium is reached.
- The rate of diffusion is affected by the concentration gradient, with a greater gradient resulting in faster diffusion.
- Large, polar, or charged molecules cannot move through the phospholipid bilayer and require assistance from integral proteins.
Types of Passive Transport
- Diffusion: the movement of substances with the concentration gradient, without requiring energy.
- Facilitated diffusion: the movement of substances across the membrane using a protein channel or carrier protein, which still occurs with the concentration gradient.
- Osmosis: the movement of water molecules across the membrane, from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration, to balance the concentration on either side of the membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion
- Channel proteins have a pore that allows molecules to pass through.
- Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules and change shape to release them into the cell.
- Examples of molecules that can move via facilitated diffusion include glucose, certain drugs, and ions like sodium.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane to balance the concentration on either side of the membrane.
- Water moves from a region of low concentration of solute to a region of high concentration of solute.
- Osmotic pressure is the pressure that causes water to move in the direction it does.
Active Transport
- Active transport is the movement of solutes against the concentration gradient, requiring energy from the breakdown of ATP.
- Carrier proteins are used to change shape and push the molecule into the high concentration area.
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