Untitled Quiz
30 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the name of the antibiotic prophylaxis used for high-risk individuals?

  • Metronidazole
  • Doxycycline
  • Amoxicillin
  • Amoxicillin + clavulnic acid (correct)

    • What is the purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis?

  • To observe and kill suspected rabid animals
  • To vaccinate animals
  • To treat rabies
  • To prevent the spread of rabies (correct)

    • What is the type of vaccine used for human rabies immunoglobulin?

  • Inactivated cell culture vaccine
  • Live attenuated vaccine
  • Inactivated neural tissue vaccine (correct)
  • Recombinant vaccine

    • What is the name of the virus that causes West Nile Encephalitis?

    <p>West Nile virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common vector of West Nile virus?

    <p>Culex pipiens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus of the West Nile virus?

    <p>Flavivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of West Nile Encephalitis?

    <p>Asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare complication of West Nile Encephalitis?

    <p>Guillain-Barré Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of the West Nile virus?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of rabies vaccine injection?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of viral CNS infections that develop over a period of time?

    <p>Chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Rabies?

    <p>Bite from rabid animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate of Rabies after the development of symptoms?

    <p>Near 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Rabies virus?

    <p>Bullet-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA does the Rabies virus have?

    <p>Linear SS-RNA of negative sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of transmission for Meningitis?

    <p>Enteroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of CSF in Meningitis?

    <p>Lymphocytosis and increased protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a post-infectious Spongiform encephalomyelitis?

    <p>Post-infectious Spongiform encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus of the Rabies virus?

    <p>Lyssa virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of the Rabies virus?

    <p>Rhabdoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the viremic stage in Rabies?

    <p>It is absent in all cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Neurons in Rabies Encephalomylelitis?

    <p>Eosinophilic inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the incubation period in Rabies?

    <p>20-90 days to several months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that determines the length of the incubation period in Rabies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Prodromal phase in Rabies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Furious stage in Rabies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory test used for Ante-mortem diagnosis of Rabies?

    <p>Antigen detection by IF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Post-mortem diagnosis of Rabies?

    <p>Brain histopathology with Negri bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of wound cleaning and debridement in Rabies management?

    <p>Less than 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Pre-exposure prophylaxis in Rabies management?

    <p>To prevent the disease in high-risk individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Viral Neurological Syndromes

    • Meningitis
    • SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis)
    • Encephalitis
    • Progressive multifocal Leucoencephalopathy
    • Post-infectious Spongiform Encephalomyelitis
    • Acute Flaccid Paralysis
    • HIV Encephalopathy

    Acute CNS Infections

    • Meningitis:
      • Causes: Enteroviruses, Mumps, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), HSV-2
      • CSF: Lymphocytosis, normal or increased protein, normal or decreased glucose
    • Encephalitis:
      • Causes: HSV-1, Rabies, Enterovirus 71, Arboviruses (West Nile virus, Tick-born EV, Western Equine Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, California Encephalitis, La Cross Encephalitis)

    Rabies

    • "Rabies" is derived from the Latin word "to rage"
    • Acute, fatal, zoonotic viral infection of the CNS
    • Main modes of transmission: bite from rabid Carnivores (dogs, cats) and bats
    • Fatality rate: near 100% after development of symptoms

    Rabies Virus

    • Family: Rhabdoviridae
    • Genus: Lyssa virus
    • Hosts: Man, Dogs, Raccoons, Bats, others
    • Structure: Bullet shape, 75 nm width, 180 nm length, Enveloped, Nucleocapsid with helical symmetry, Linear SS-RNA of -ve sense non-segmented

    Rabies: Transmission

    • Bite of rabid animal
    • Rarely: corneal transplantation from patient died of rabies, exposure to aerosolized secretion from rabid bats in caves

    Rabies: Pathogenesis

    • No viremic stage
    • Mononuclear infiltration, perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear cells or inflammation around a blood vessel
    • Neurons: cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions (Negri bodies)

    Rabies: Stages of the Illness

    • Incubation Period: 20-90 days to several months, depending on size and depth of bite, number of bites, amount of saliva inoculated, proximity to CNS, and age
    • Prodromal Phase: 10-20 days, fever, pharyngitis, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, depression, pain at the site of the bite
    • Neurologic Phase: Furious stage (hyperexcitation, hallucination, confusion, bizarre behavior, excessive salivation, lacrimation, hydrophobia, aerophobia) or Paralytic stage (local or diffuse paralysis)

    Rabies: Lab Diagnosis

    • Ante mortem: Antigen detection (IF in skin biopsy, corneal impression), Viral isolation (saliva, CSF, animal inoculation), RT-PCR (saliva and CSF), Antibody detection (Serum, CSF)
    • Post mortem: Brain histopathology (Negri bodies)

    Rabies: Management and Prevention

    • Wound cleaning and debridement
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis (Amoclan)
    • Post-exposure prophylaxis: Human Rabies Immunoglobulin, Rabies Vaccine (inactivated, HDCV, Neural tissue vaccine, Vero-cell vaccine)
    • Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Vaccination for high-risk individuals (veterinarians, lab workers, zookeepers)
    • Animal control: Vaccination of domestic animals, observation, and killing of suspected rabid animals

    West Nile Encephalitis

    • Caused by West Nile virus
    • Family: Flaviviridae
    • Genus: Flavivirus
    • Transmission: Bite of Culex pipiens mosquito
    • Clinical manifestations: 3 patterns - Asymptomatic, West Nile fever, West Nile encephalitis
    • Other manifestations: Aseptic meningitis, Chorioretinitis, Hepatitis, Pancreatitis, Nephritis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Viral Neurological Syndromes PDF

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser