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Questions and Answers

Which of the following graphs accurately depicts the relationship between pressure and volume for an ideal gas when temperature is held constant?

  • Graph D
  • Graph A
  • Graph B
  • Graph C (correct)

A student determined the density of an iron sample to be 7.57 $g/cm^3$. Using Table S, what is the percent error of the student's density calculation for iron?

  • -4.0%
  • -0.038%
  • -0.040%
  • -3.8% (correct)

Identify the formula that represents a molecule containing the most polar bond.

  • F2
  • H2
  • HBr
  • HCl (correct)

Determine the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 130.0 grams of water from 20.0°C to 50.0°C.

<p>$1.63 \times 10^4 J$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify which information about butane ($C_4H_{10}$) can be derived from its structural formula but not its molecular formula?

<p>arrangement of the atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to an aluminum atom in the ground state, a boron atom in the ground state features which combination of electron shells and atomic radius?

<p>fewer electron shells and a smaller radius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For any quantity of tungsten at STP, which property will remain the same?

<p>density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zinc sample has atoms with the highest average kinetic energy?

<p>5.0 g of Zn at 40°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the molecule that exhibits symmetry in both its shape and distribution of charge.

<p>CH4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which numerical setup can be used to correctly calculate the formula mass of $C_9H_{11}NO_2$?

<p>9(12 u) + 11(1 u) + 1(14 u) + 2(16 u) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the reaction $3Mg(s) + N_2(g) \rightarrow Mg_3N_2(s)$, what mass of $Mg_3N_2$ is produced when 14.58 grams of magnesium completely reacts with 5.60 grams of nitrogen?

<p>20.18 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the incomplete fermentation reaction $X \rightarrow 2CH_3CH_2OH + 2CO_2$, which formula represents the missing reactant X?

<p>$C_6H_{12}O_6$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the cooling curve for a compound, beginning in the liquid phase. What statement best describes the average kinetic energy and potential energy of the compound between minute 2 and minute 6?

<p>Average kinetic energy remains constant and potential energy decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solid aluminum has a specific heat capacity of 0.90 J/g·K. How many joules of heat are absorbed to raise the temperature of 24.0 grams of aluminum from 300 K to 350 K?

<p>1100 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An element that readily undergoes reactions typical of metals is most likely to have which atomic number?

<p>19 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using standard reference tables, determine the vapor pressure of propanone at 45°C.

<ol start="70"> <li>kPa (C)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of one mole of bromine gas ($Br_2$)?

<p>159.8 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement explains the low boiling point of hydrogen ($H_2$) at standard pressure?

<p>Hydrogen has weak intermolecular forces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the reaction $F_2(g) + 2KCl(aq) \rightarrow 2KF(aq) + Cl_2(g)$, which type of chemical reaction is represented?

<p>single replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula for ethane $(C_2H_6)$?

<p>CH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the amount of heat required to melt 43 grams of solid magnesium oxide at its melting point, given that the heat of fusion is $1.9 \times 10^3$ J/g.

<p>$8.2 \times 10^4$ J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ideal Gas Law: Pressure vs Volume

For an ideal gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

What is Percent Error?

Percent error measures the difference between an experimental value and an accepted value.

What causes a polar bond?

Polar bonds form when there is unequal sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity.

What is heat and how is it calculated?

Heat is a form of energy. The amount of heat absorbed is calculated using specific heat capacity equation.

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What does structural formula show?

A structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms, not just the type and number.

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Atomic Radius trends

Atoms in the same group have similar electron configurations and radii trends.

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What is Density?

Density is mass per unit volume. At STP density remains the same.

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Kinetic Energy vs Temperature

The average kinetic energy of atoms is directly proportional to the temperature.

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What makes a molecule symmetrical?

A molecule is symmetrical when its shape and charge distribution are balanced.

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How to calculate formula mass?

Formula mass is calculated by summing the atomic masses of each element in the formula.

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Conservation of Mass

In balancing equations, the mass of reactants must equal the mass of products.

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What is an empirical formula?

The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.

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What does specific heat capacity signify?

Specific heat signifies heat absorbed/released to change a substance's temperature.

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Metal Reactivity

A metal's reactivity corresponds to its ability to lose valence electrons.

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Vapor Pressure Trend

Vapor pressure increases as temperature increases.

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How to calculate number of moles?

To find moles, divide the mass of a substance by its gram-formula mass.

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What are hydrogen bonds like?

In molecules, hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular forces.

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Single Replacement Reaction

A single replacement reaction involves one element replacing another in a compound.

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How to find the number of moles?

Number of moles = given mass / gram formula mass

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Define weighted average

Weighted Average = Σ (isotope mass x relative abundance)

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Study Notes

  • The relationship between pressure and volume for an ideal gas at constant temperature is represented by graph C.
  • The percent error for the student's calculated density of Fe is -3.8%.
  • HCl represents a molecule with the most polar bond.
  • The amount of heat that must be absorbed to increase the temperature of a 130-gram sample of water from 20.0°C to 50.0°C is 1.63 × 10^4 J.
  • The arrangement of the atoms can be determined from the structural formula of C4H10, but not from its molecular formula.
  • Compared to an aluminum atom, a boron atom has fewer electron shells and a smaller radius in the ground state.
  • At STP, density remains the same for all samples of tungsten.
  • 5.0 g of Zn at 40°C has atoms with the highest average kinetic energy.
  • CH4 is symmetrical in both shape and distribution of charge.
  • The numerical setup to calculate the formula mass of C9H11NO2 is 9(12 u) + 11(1 u) + 1(14 u) + 2(16 u).
  • When 14.58 grams of magnesium completely reacts with 5.60 grams of nitrogen, 20.18 g of Mg3N2 is produced.
  • The missing reactant, X, in the fermentation reaction is C6H12O6.
  • The statement that describes the average kinetic energy and the potential energy between minute 2 and minute 6 is that average kinetic energy remains constant and potential energy increases.
  • To raise the temperature of 24.0 grams of aluminum from 300 K to 350 K, 1100 J of heat is needed, given that solid aluminum has a specific heat capacity of 0.90 J/g.K.
  • An element with an atomic number of 19 could be a very reactive metal.
  • The vapor pressure of propanone at 45°C is 70. kPa.
  • One mole of bromine gas, Br2, has a mass of 159.8 g.
  • The low boiling point of hydrogen, H2, is due to weak intermolecular forces.
  • The reaction F2(g) + 2KCl(aq) → 2KF(aq) + Cl2(g) is a single replacement reaction.
  • The empirical formula for ethane, C2H6, is CH3.
  • The amount of heat is 8.2 x 10^4 J required to melt 43 grams of solid magnesium oxide at its melting point, given the heat of fusion is 1.9 x 10^3 J/g.
  • The mole ratio of oxygen molecules to carbon dioxide molecules is 3:2 in the reaction C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + energy.
  • The mass of N2(g) produced when 1.0 gram of H2(g) completely reacts with 15.0 grams of NO(g) to produce 9.0 grams of H2O(g) is 7.0 g.
  • The number of moles in a 78.8-gram sample of MgCO3 (gram-formula mass = 84.3 g/mol) is 0.935 mol.
  • The numerical setup used to determine the atomic mass of bromine is (78.92 u)(0.5069) + (80.92 u)(0.4931).

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