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What is the concept that refers to the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture?
What is the concept that refers to the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture?
What are the rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a particular society?
What are the rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a particular society?
What is the process by which an individual learns the norms, values, and behaviors of their society?
What is the process by which an individual learns the norms, values, and behaviors of their society?
What is the term for a group of people who reject the norms and values of mainstream society?
What is the term for a group of people who reject the norms and values of mainstream society?
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What is the term for the delay between the development of new technology and the associated changes in social institutions?
What is the term for the delay between the development of new technology and the associated changes in social institutions?
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What is the main distinction between material and non-material culture?
What is the main distinction between material and non-material culture?
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What is the term for the idea that an individual's own culture is superior to others?
What is the term for the idea that an individual's own culture is superior to others?
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What are the guidelines for behavior that are considered acceptable in a society?
What are the guidelines for behavior that are considered acceptable in a society?
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What is the concept that emphasizes the importance of understanding a culture in its own terms, rather than judging it by the standards of another culture?
What is the concept that emphasizes the importance of understanding a culture in its own terms, rather than judging it by the standards of another culture?
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What is the term for a smaller group of people within a larger culture who share similar values and customs?
What is the term for a smaller group of people within a larger culture who share similar values and customs?
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Study Notes
Culture
- Culture is composed of material and non-material aspects, which include physical objects and intangible elements such as values, beliefs, and norms.
- Ideal culture refers to the ideals and values that a society strives to achieve, whereas real culture is the actual behavior and practices of its members.
- Elements of culture include:
- Beliefs: opinions or convictions about the world and its workings.
- Values: principles or standards that guide behavior and decision-making.
- Norms: established rules or standards that govern behavior.
- Social sanctions: rewards or punishments for adhering to or deviating from norms.
Related Concepts
- Cultural Relativism: the practice of judging a culture by its own standards, rather than by the standards of another culture.
- Sub Cultures: smaller groups within a larger culture that share distinct values, beliefs, and practices.
- Ethnocentrism: the tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others.
- Xenocentrism: the preference for another culture over one's own.
- Cultural lag: the delay in adapting to changes in cultural values, beliefs, and practices.
Socialization and Personality
- Personality is shaped by various factors, including:
- Genetics
- Environment
- Socialization
- Socialization: the process of learning and internalizing the norms, values, and beliefs of a culture.
- Agencies of Socialization: institutions and individuals that influence socialization, such as family, schools, and media.
- Role and Status: the position and expectations associated with a particular role or position within a society.
Deviance and Social Control
- Deviance: behavior that violates social norms and expectations.
- Types of deviance:
- Criminal
- Violent
- Immoral
- Abnormal
- Social control: the mechanisms by which society regulates and enforces norms and behavior.
- Need for social control: to maintain social order and stability.
- Forms of social control:
- Informal (e.g. social pressure, ridicule)
- Formal (e.g. laws, punishments)
- Methods and agencies of social control:
- Law enforcement
- Education
- Religion
Collective Behavior
- Collective behavior: spontaneous and unstructured behavior that occurs when a group of people are together.
- Types of collective behavior:
- Panic
- Riot
- Fad
- Crowd behavior: behavior that occurs when a large group of people are gathered together.
- Public opinion: the attitudes and opinions of a society or group.
- Propaganda: the dissemination of information to influence public opinion.
- Social movements: organized efforts to bring about social change.
- Leadership: the process of guiding and influencing others to achieve a common goal.
Culture
- Culture refers to the complex whole of collective human behaviors, attitudes, and products that are learned, shared, and transmitted from generation to generation.
Aspects and Characteristics of Culture
- Material culture: tangible objects and items created by humans, such as tools, clothing, and buildings.
- Non-material culture: intangible aspects of culture, such as language, customs, and traditions.
- Ideal culture: the norms and values that people aspire to achieve.
- Real culture: the actual practices and behaviors of a society.
Elements of Culture
- Beliefs: opinions or convictions about the world and its mysteries.
- Values: principles or standards that guide human behavior and decision-making.
- Norms: established rules or standards of behavior that are widely accepted.
- Social sanctions: rewards or punishments that enforce social norms.
Other Related Concepts
- Cultural Relativism: the idea that cultures should be judged on their own terms, rather than according to universal standards.
- Sub Cultures: smaller cultural groups within a larger society, often with distinct customs and traditions.
- Ethnocentrism: the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture.
- Xenocentrism: the tendency to prefer or admire other cultures over one's own.
- Cultural lag: the delay between a change in cultural values or technology and its widespread adoption in society.
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Description
Quiz about the composition of culture, including ideal and real culture, and its elements such as beliefs, values, and norms.
