Cs 101 ( Module 11-20)
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of storage in computers?

  • Mega Bytes
  • Bytes
  • Kilo Bytes
  • bits (correct)

    • What is the short form of Binary Digits?

  • Binary
  • BD
  • Bit (correct)
  • Bytes

    • How many different patterns can be represented using 3 bits?

  • 8 (correct)
  • 6
  • 4
  • 16

    • What does the bit 0 represent in Boolean operations?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 Byte in terms of bits?

    <p>8 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ASCII codes?

    <p>To represent characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the AND operation when both inputs are 1?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base of the binary number system?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is XOR in Boolean operations?

    <p>Exclusive or</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are required to represent the decimal number 2 in binary?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hexadecimal notation?

    <p>To simplify the representation of bit patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 Kilo Byte (KB) in terms of Bytes?

    <p>1024 Bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bits organized in a computer's main memory?

    <p>In units of 8 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a memory address?

    <p>To identify individual cells in a computer's main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the representation of the bit pattern 111010000101010100010111 in hexadecimal notation?

    <p>E85517</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NOT operation in Boolean operations?

    <p>It produces 1 when the input is 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main memory in a computer?

    <p>A collection of circuits capable of storing a single bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the XOR operation in Boolean operations?

    <p>It produces 1 when both inputs are different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of mass storage systems over main memory?

    <p>Less volatility and larger storage capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the read/write heads in a magnetic disk?

    <p>To read and write data to the disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time required to move the read/write heads from one track to another?

    <p>Seek time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a CD and a DVD?

    <p>Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of optical systems over magnetic systems?

    <p>Suitability for long continuous strings of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which data can be transferred to or from a disk?

    <p>Transfer rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average amount of time required for the desired data to rotate to the read/write head?

    <p>Rotation delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Blu-ray Disks (BDs) differ from DVDs?

    <p>BDs use a blue-violet spectrum of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of magnetic and optical systems?

    <p>Physical motion is required, leading to slower access times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the division of a track into equal parts in a magnetic disk?

    <p>Sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the representation of each pixel in an image?

    <p>Encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are used to store the shades of grayness in an image?

    <p>8 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of brightness and color components in an image?

    <p>Brightness Chrominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of image scaling?

    <p>To increase the size of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique used to display geometric structures in image scaling?

    <p>Analytical Geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company developed the PostScript font?

    <p>Adobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of storing data in flash drive technology?

    <p>By sending electronic signals to the storage medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using flash drive technology as main memory?

    <p>It is not suitable for frequent read and write operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using SSDs over magnetic disks?

    <p>They have faster access times and are quieter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage capacity of SDHC cards?

    <p>32 GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are textual symbols represented in computer memory?

    <p>Using a unique bit pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of characters that can be represented using ASCII codes?

    <p>128</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using ASCII codes?

    <p>They are not suitable for international languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Unicode?

    <p>To provide a standard for internationalization of codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using UTF-8?

    <p>It has a larger range of possible symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are binary notation and Unicode not suitable for storing numeric values?

    <p>Because they require too many bits to represent a single numeric value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 11: Bits

    • In computers, all information is stored in bits, which are the basic unit of storage.
    • Information is coded as a pattern of 0 or 1, also known as Binary Digits.
    • One bit can contain only one value, either 0 or 1.
    • Bits can represent various types of data, such as numbers, text, audio, video, and images.
    • In chip electric charge, 0 and 1 are represented by different electric charges.

    Module 11: Bits Units

    • 1 byte is equal to 8 bits.
    • 1 kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1024 bytes.
    • 1 megabyte (MB) is equal to 1024 kilobytes.
    • 1 gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1024 megabytes.
    • 1 terabyte (TB) is equal to 1024 gigabytes.

    Module 11: Patterns Using Bits

    • The number of patterns increases exponentially with the number of bits.
    • For example, with 2 bits, there are 4 possible patterns: 00, 01, 10, and 11.

    Module 11: ASCII Codes

    • ASCII codes are used to represent characters, such as letters and symbols.
    • Each character is represented by a unique 7-bit binary code.
    • The ASCII code for the character "A" is 01000001.

    Module 12: Boolean Operations

    • Boolean operations are used to manipulate true and false values.
    • The three basic Boolean operations are AND, OR, and XOR (exclusive or).
    • The AND operation produces 1 only if both inputs are 1.
    • The OR operation produces 1 if any of the inputs are 1.
    • The XOR operation produces 1 if the inputs are different.
    • The NOT operation produces the opposite of the input.

    Module 13: Hexadecimal Notation

    • Hexadecimal notation is a shorthand way to represent binary patterns.
    • It uses a single symbol to represent a pattern of four bits.
    • Hexadecimal notation is used to simplify the representation of long binary patterns.

    Module 14: Storing a Bit

    • A computer's main memory is a collection of circuits that can store a single bit.
    • The main memory is organized into manageable units called cells.
    • Each cell is 8 bits in size and is assigned a unique address.
    • The main memory is also known as random access memory (RAM).

    Module 14: RAM and DRAM

    • RAM allows cells to be accessed independently and in any order.
    • Dynamic RAM (DRAM) stores bits as tiny electric charges and needs to be refreshed many times a second.
    • Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is a type of DRAM that uses additional techniques to decrease the time needed to retrieve contents.

    Module 15: Magnetic Systems

    • Magnetic systems are used for mass storage (or secondary storage) of data.
    • They are non-volatile, meaning they retain data even when power is off.
    • Magnetic systems include hard disks, CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes, flash drives, and solid-state disks.
    • Hard disks use a spinning disk with a magnetic coating to store data.

    Module 15: Magnetic Systems

    • The read/write heads are placed above or below the disk and move along the radius of the disk.
    • Each track is divided into equal sectors, and each sector has a fixed number of bits.
    • The outer tracks contain more information than the inner tracks.

    Module 16: Optical Systems

    • Optical systems use light to read and write data.
    • Examples of optical systems include compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), and Blu-ray disks (BDs).
    • CDs store data in a single spiral track from the inside out.
    • DVDs and BDs have multiple layers and use a precise focused laser to read and write data.

    Module 17: Flash Drives

    • Flash drives use electronic signals to store data in silicon dioxide chambers.
    • The chambers can store data for years without external power.
    • However, repeated erasing can damage the chambers.
    • Flash drives are suitable for use in cameras, smartphones, and portable devices.

    Module 18: Representing Text

    • Text is represented as a code, where each symbol is assigned a unique bit pattern.
    • The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a common code used to represent text.
    • ASCII assigns 7 bits to each character, allowing for 128 unique characters.
    • The limitation of ASCII codes is that they can only represent 128 characters.

    Module 18: Unicode and UTF-8

    • Unicode is a standard for representing international characters.
    • It uses 21 bits to represent unique characters.
    • UTF-8 is a variation of Unicode that uses 24 to 32 bits.
    • It is compatible with ASCII and can represent thousands of character sets.

    Module 19: Representing Numeric Values

    • Numeric values can be represented using binary notation.
    • Binary notation uses only two digits, 0 and 1.
    • The number of unique values that can be represented increases exponentially with the number of bits.
    • Two's complement and floating-point notation are used to store whole numbers and fractional numbers, respectively.

    Module 20: Representing Images

    • Images are represented as a collection of pixels.
    • Each pixel is encoded to form a bitmap.
    • Black and white images use 1 bit per pixel, while colorful images use 3 bytes (24 bits) per pixel.
    • Brightness and chrominance are used to represent colorful images.
    • Image scaling involves increasing the size of the image by adding more pixels.

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