Emergency Response and Evacuation

Study Notes

In the event of an emergency, employers must ensure that employees can move to a safe place to protect themselves from adverse effects.
Employers specify evacuation arrangements in the emergency plan and provide instructions to employees in advance.
If there are elderly, disabled, pregnant, or nursery workers, measures must be taken to accompany them during evacuation.

Employers must establish emergency response and evacuation methods, considering the Regulation on Fire Protection of Buildings.
In workplaces with 30, 40, or 50 employees, employers must assign support staff for fire fighting, search, rescue, and evacuation.
Emergency teams must receive news of a fire, move to the scene, and take necessary measures to prevent the fire from expanding and extinguish it.
The teams are responsible for rescuing people, documents, and valuable items, and providing first aid.

Employers must take into account the size of the workplace, special hazards, and nature of work to prevent, protect, evacuate, and provide first aid.
Employers must assign trained employees and ensure they are available at all times.

Employers must identify potential emergency situations in the workplace, considering risk assessment results, fire, chemical spills, natural disasters, and sabotage.
Employers must inform all employees about emergency plans and assigned personnel.

Newly recruited employees must receive emergency situation information and training.
Employees assigned to emergency matters must be specially trained and responsible for their activities.
Trainings provided by occupational safety specialists or physicians must be documented.

The type, quantity, and placement of fire extinguishing equipment are determined by the type of fire and materials present in the building.
All equipment must be certified and designed, installed, and operated in a safe and reliable manner.
The competent authority checks and approves the design and implementation of extinguishing systems.
Periodic control, testing, and maintenance of systems are carried out by the building owner, manager, or their authorized representative.

Type A fires (solid fires): use water or aqueous solutions, chemical dry powder, or foam extinguishers to cool and extinguish the fire.
Type B fires (liquid fires): use CO2 or foam extinguishers to cover or suffocate the fire.
Type C fires (gas fires): use CO2, dry chemical powder, or stop the gas flow; if not possible, cool the surrounding areas and surfaces with water.

Eliminate combustible material: remove paper, boards, etc., and close gas valves.
Cut off oxygen supply: use dry extinguishing materials, foam, water, or suffocating gases.
Cool the burning object: use water, CO2, or other cooling methods to reduce the temperature below the ignition point.

Confine the fire to a narrow area by creating an intermediate space or separating combustible materials from the heat source.
Use techniques such as eliminating combustible materials, separating materials from heat, and creating an intermediate space to prevent fire spread.

Fire extinguishing is based on removing oxygen, combustible material, or heat from the fire.
Know the type of fire to extinguish it effectively.
Extinguishing techniques include eliminating flammable material, cutting off oxygen supply, and cooling the burning object.