Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of white-box testing?
What is the main focus of white-box testing?
- User acceptance
- External user feedback
- Final version testing
- Internal perspective of the system (correct)
What is the primary purpose of pilot testing?
What is the primary purpose of pilot testing?
- To test the final version
- To evaluate the entire system
- To provide a limited evaluation of the system (correct)
- To replace other testing methods
Which type of testing involves real-world exposure and is the last stage of testing?
Which type of testing involves real-world exposure and is the last stage of testing?
- Pilot testing
- Alpha testing
- Beta testing (correct)
- White-box testing
What is an alpha version of a software application?
What is an alpha version of a software application?
What is the limitation of white-box testing?
What is the limitation of white-box testing?
What is the main difference between alpha and beta testing?
What is the main difference between alpha and beta testing?
What is the purpose of proof of concept?
What is the purpose of proof of concept?
What level of software testing process can white-box testing be applied to?
What level of software testing process can white-box testing be applied to?
What is the primary concern when implementing biometric identification systems?
What is the primary concern when implementing biometric identification systems?
What is the first step in protecting data's confidentiality?
What is the first step in protecting data's confidentiality?
What type of access control is based on an individual's identity?
What type of access control is based on an individual's identity?
What is a primary goal of biometric identification systems?
What is a primary goal of biometric identification systems?
Why is identifying sensitive information crucial in protecting data confidentiality?
Why is identifying sensitive information crucial in protecting data confidentiality?
What is not a primary step in protecting data confidentiality?
What is not a primary step in protecting data confidentiality?
What type of access control is based on a set of rules?
What type of access control is based on a set of rules?
Why is it important to identify sensitive information in protecting data confidentiality?
Why is it important to identify sensitive information in protecting data confidentiality?
What would be the consequence if process 2 carried out its task on the data before process 1?
What would be the consequence if process 2 carried out its task on the data before process 1?
What type of flaw can occur when the authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions?
What type of flaw can occur when the authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions?
What happens when two or more processes use the same resource and the sequences of steps within the software can be carried out in an improper order?
What happens when two or more processes use the same resource and the sequences of steps within the software can be carried out in an improper order?
What would an attacker gain by forcing the authorization step to take place before the authentication step?
What would an attacker gain by forcing the authorization step to take place before the authentication step?
What is eavesdropping, as defined by Black's Law Dictionary?
What is eavesdropping, as defined by Black's Law Dictionary?
What is the primary goal of traffic analysis?
What is the primary goal of traffic analysis?
In what contexts can traffic analysis be performed?
In what contexts can traffic analysis be performed?
What can be inferred from analyzing traffic patterns?
What can be inferred from analyzing traffic patterns?
What is the main purpose of the 'no read down' integrity in the Biba model?
What is the main purpose of the 'no read down' integrity in the Biba model?
According to the lattice model, what is the condition for a subject to access an object?
According to the lattice model, what is the condition for a subject to access an object?
What is the purpose of the * (star) Integrity Axiom in the Biba model?
What is the purpose of the * (star) Integrity Axiom in the Biba model?
What is the result of combining two objects X and Y in the lattice model?
What is the result of combining two objects X and Y in the lattice model?
What is the purpose of the lattice model in computer security?
What is the purpose of the lattice model in computer security?
What is the 'meet' of the levels of two subjects A and B in the lattice model?
What is the 'meet' of the levels of two subjects A and B in the lattice model?
What is the main difference between the Biba model and the Bell-LaPadula model?
What is the main difference between the Biba model and the Bell-LaPadula model?
What is the 'no write up' integrity in the military analogy?
What is the 'no write up' integrity in the military analogy?
What is the primary function of a security model?
What is the primary function of a security model?
What is the primary purpose of a multilevel security system?
What is the primary purpose of a multilevel security system?
What is the Bell-LaPadula model primarily used for?
What is the Bell-LaPadula model primarily used for?
How does the Bell-LaPadula model determine access control?
How does the Bell-LaPadula model determine access control?
What is the primary factor that determines the handling procedures for classified information?
What is the primary factor that determines the handling procedures for classified information?
What is the primary goal of a security policy?
What is the primary goal of a security policy?
How is a security model typically represented?
How is a security model typically represented?
What is the primary function of a security model in relation to a security policy?
What is the primary function of a security model in relation to a security policy?
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Study Notes
White-Box Testing
- Uses internal perspective of the system and programming skills to design test cases
- Tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine appropriate outputs
- Can be applied at unit, integration, and system levels of software testing process
- Can test paths within a unit, between units during integration, and between subsystems during system-level test
- Has potential to miss unimplemented parts of specification or missing requirements
Alpha and Beta Testing
- Alpha testing: early version of application system submitted to internal users for testing
- Alpha version may not contain all features planned for final version
- Beta testing: form of user acceptance testing, involves limited number of external users
- Beta testing is last stage of testing, involves real-world exposure
Pilot Testing
- Preliminary test that focuses on specific and predefined aspects of a system
- Not meant to replace other testing methods, but rather provide limited evaluation of system
- Proof of concept are early pilot tests – usually over interim platform and with only basic functionalities
Biometric Identification
- Unique physical attributes or behavior of a person are used for identification
- Examples: fingerprints, facial recognition, voice recognition, etc.
Protecting Data's Confidentiality
- First step: identify which information is sensitive
- Installing a firewall, implementing encryption, and reviewing user access rights are subsequent steps
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
- Identity-based access control: based on individual's identity
- Rule-based access control: based on set of rules defined by organization
- Lattice-based access control: complex access control model based on interaction between subjects and objects
Integrity Axiom
- States that a subject at a given level of integrity must not read an object at a lower integrity level (no read down)
- States that a subject at a given level of integrity must not write to any object at a higher level of integrity (no write up)
Lattice Model
- Complex access control model based on interaction between subjects and objects
- Uses a lattice to define levels of security that an object may have and that a subject may have access to
- Subject is only allowed to access an object if security level of subject is greater than or equal to that of object
Security Models
- Map abstract goals of policy to information system terms by specifying explicit data structures and techniques
- Represented in mathematics and analytical ideas, mapped to system specifications and developed by programmers through programming code
- Examples: Bell-LaPadula model, Biba model, Lattice model
Kerberos
- Does not address availability
- Addresses confidentiality and integrity of information
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