11 Questions
Which of the following structures passes through the foramen caecum?
Emissary veins from the nasal cavity
Which nerve passes through the optic canal?
Optic nerve
Which foramen is responsible for the passage of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Foramen rotundum
Which structure passes through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
Which of the following nerves passes through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What is the shape of the scapula?
Triangular
Which part of the humerus attaches to the scapula at the shoulder joint?
Upper end
What is the lateral bone of the forearm?
Radius
How many bones form the wrist (carpus)?
8
How many phalanges are in each finger, except the thumb?
3
What is the name of the joint where the metacarpals and phalanges articulate?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Study Notes
Anterior Cranial Fossa
- Foramen caecum: connects to nasal cavity, allows passage of emissary veins
- Olfactory foramina: transmit olfactory nerve endings (CNI) from nasal mucosa to brain
Middle Cranial Fossa
- Optic canal: contains optic nerve (CNII) and ophthalmic artery
- Superior orbital fissure: passage for multiple cranial nerves, including:
- Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
- Trochlear nerve (CNIV)
- Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV1)
- Abducent nerve (CNVI)
- Ophthalmic veins
- Foramen rotundum: passage for maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV2)
- Foramen ovale: contains mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3) and lesser petrosal nerve
- Foramen spinosum: passage for middle meningeal artery
- Foramen lacerum: passage for greater petrosal nerve
- Carotid canal: contains internal carotid artery
Upper Limb Bones
- Scapula (Shoulder Blade) is located on the posterior aspect of the thorax and has a triangular shape with a flat body and two prominent borders (superior and axillary)
- Scapula attaches to the humerus (upper arm bone) at the shoulder joint
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
- Long bone of the upper arm that extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow joint
- Divided into three main parts: upper end, shaft, and lower end
- Upper end consists of head, greater tubercle, and lesser tubercle
- Lower end consists of medial and lateral epicondyles, and trochlea
Radius and Ulna (Forearm Bones)
- Radius is the lateral bone of the forearm, shorter and thicker than the ulna
- Ulna is the medial bone of the forearm, longer and thinner than the radius
- Both bones articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint and with the carpal bones at the wrist joint
Carpals (Wrist Bones)
- 8 small bones that form the wrist (carpus) arranged in two rows: proximal and distal
- Proximal row consists of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform
- Distal row consists of trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
Metacarpals (Hand Bones)
- 5 long bones that connect the wrist to the fingers
- Each bone numbered from 1 to 5, starting from the thumb side
Phalanges (Finger Bones)
- 14 bones that form the fingers and thumb
- Each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), except the thumb which has only 2
- Phalanges articulate with the metacarpals at the metacarpophalangeal joints
Learn about the structures and passages in the anterior and middle cranial fossa, including foramina and fissures that transmit cranial nerves and blood vessels.
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