P.10 BETA-LACTAM and OTHER CELL WALL AND MEMBRANE ACTIVE ANTIBIOTICS

All of the ff. antibiotics acts directly on the cell membrane of the microorganism, except?

Among the listed antibiotics, which ones inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls?

Which antibiotics are agents that disrupt the function of ribosomal subunits to inhibit protein synthesis?

Which antibiotics specifically affect bacterial nucleic acid metabolism by inhibiting RNA polymerase?

Which mechanism of action does sulfonamide antibiotics primarily target?

Which antibiotic class binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit to cause bacterial cell death?

Which bacterial pathway is targeted by trimethoprim and sulfonamides to inhibit growth?

Which antimicrobial agent is highly active against susceptible gram-positive cocci?

What do Penicillinase-resistant penicillins like Nafcillin target?

Which antibiotic class is known for having an improved gram-negative spectrum, especially when combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor?

Which type of antibiotic has activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Which part of the penicillin molecule is responsible for the loss of significant antibacterial activity when chemically altered?

What is the chief structural requirement for biological activity in penicillin?

Which component of the penicillin molecule determines many antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics?

What is inhibited by beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin in bacterial cells?

All are mechanisms that cause resistance to penicillin and other beta-lactams, except?

How does amoxicillin differ from most oral penicillins in terms of absorption?

Which pharmacological characteristic is associated with highly protein-bound penicillin like nafcillin?

What is the effect of benzathine and procaine penicillin being formulated to delay absorption?

Penicillin poorly distributed except in cases of meningitis, EXCEPT?

How is Nafcillin primarily cleared from the body?

Main route of elimination for Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, and Cloxacillin, EXCEPT?

What percentage of renal excretion of Penicillin occurs through glomerular filtration?

What type of bacteria are penicillin-resistant to, despite having greater activity against gram-negative bacteria?

Which antibiotic is DOC for infections caused by Treponema pallidum and many other spirochetes?

Which oral b-lactam antibiotics are most active against penicillin-resistant pneumococci?

Which type of bacteria can extended spectrum penicillins target with the addition of a b-lactamase inhibitor?

What is the role of extended spectrum penicillins in combination with ESP?

Which of the following is NOT an adverse reaction associated with penicillins?

In what condition should creatinine levels be before administering high doses of penicillin?

What adverse reaction can high doses of penicillin cause in patients with renal failure?

Which bacterial genus is NOT sensitive to First Generation Cephalosporins?

These bacterial species are inactive against First Generation Cephalosporins, EXCEPT?

Which bacterial group is specifically mentioned as NOT being active against Cephalosporins & Cephamycins?

What is a characteristic of intramuscular administration of second-generation cephalosporins?

For patients with renal issues, what adjustment is typically required in the dosage of oral first-generation cephalosporins?

Which antibiotic is cited as an alternative to anti-staphylococcal penicillin for patients allergic to penicillin?

What is the suggested primary use for first-generation cephalosporins?

Which second-generation cephalosporin is mentioned as the most commonly used in the text?

What is the main reason why cefaclor is not popular these days according to the text?

Which type of infections should second-generation cephalosporins be used cautiously?

How is excretion primarily carried out for oral first-generation cephalosporins like cephalexin, cephradine, and cefadroxil?

What is a common route of elimination for second-generation cephalosporins?

Which bacterium type are second-generation cephalosporins primarily used to target?

Which bacterial strains can oral second-generation cephalosporins primarily treat?

What is the main reason for using Cefuroxime in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?

Which 3rd generation cephalosporins have useful activity against P. aeruginosa?

What is the primary route of excretion for ceftriaxone and cefoperazone?

Which body fluids and tissues do 3rd generation cephalosporins penetrate well?

What is the primary characteristic of MONOBACTAMS that differentiates them from other beta-lactam antibiotics?

Which 3rd generation cephalosporins are approved treatment for meningitis?

What is a common adverse effect associated with 4th generation Cephalosporins?

BLI are Not good inhibitors of class C b-lactamase (render less productive), produced by EXCEPT?

Cephalosporins that contain a methylthiotetrazole group frequently cause?

What is the notable feature of 4th generation Cephalosporins regarding their resistance to hydrolysis by b-lactamases?

What is a demonstrated renal toxicity associated with some 4th generation Cephalosporins?

Which group of bacteria are 3rd generation cephalosporins NOT reliably active against?

Which statement regarding the activity of MONOBACTAMS is NOT true?

All bacterial strains are most affected by Ambler Class A BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS, EXCEPT?

Which bacteria are 4th generation Cephalosporins highly active against?

In which type of infections are combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors often indicated?

Antibiotic of choice for treatment of Enterobacter infections because it is resistant to destruction by the b-lactamase produced by these organisms?

What is the primary reason for the low urinary concentrations of Imipenem?

Which carbapenem is resistant to most b-lactamases but not metallo-b-lactamases?

What is a distinguishing feature of Meropenem compared to Imipenem?

What is the primary advantage of Meropenem over Imipenem in terms of renal clearance?

What determines the antibacterial spectrum of the combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor?