7 Questions
What is the total number of stations in the exam?
6
What personal protective equipment must students wear during the exam?
White coat, mask, and gloves
What is the definition of heart rate (HR)?
Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute.
List some factors that can affect heart rate.
Factors affecting heart rate include autonomic nervous system, exercise, age, sex, fitness level, temperature, humidity, medications, and hormones.
What is the definition of stroke volume (SV)?
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat.
What are some factors that can influence stroke volume?
Factors affecting stroke volume include preload, afterload, contractility, heart size, shape, valve function, and blood viscosity.
How is cardiac output (CO) calculated?
Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (SV) and dividing by 1000.
Study Notes
Exam Instructions
- Students must arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of their exam.
- Attendance is mandatory according to the announced detailed exam timetable; no excuses will be accepted.
- Late students will not be allowed to join other groups.
- Each station will last 2 minutes.
Exam Requirements
- Students must wear a white coat, mask, and gloves during the exam.
- The exam consists of 6 stations in total.
Cardiac Output
- Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Heart Rate
- Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, measured in beats per minute (bpm).
- Normal adult heart rate is 60-100 bpm.
- Heart rate is affected by:
- Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
- Exercise and physical activity
- Age, sex, and fitness level
- Temperature and humidity
- Medications and hormones
Stroke Volume
- Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat, measured in milliliters (mL).
- Normal adult stroke volume is 60-120 mL.
- Stroke volume is affected by:
- Preload (venous return)
- Afterload (arterial resistance)
- Contractility (heart muscle strength)
- Heart size and shape
- Valve function and blood viscosity
Cardiac Output Calculation
- Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate and stroke volume: CO (L/min) = HR (bpm) x SV (mL) / 1000.
This quiz covers the rules and requirements for a medical exam, including attendance, dress code, and station procedures. Students must follow these guidelines to ensure a successful exam.
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