Philippine Code Effectivity and Application

18 Questions

When does this Code take effect?

January 1, 1932

Where are the provisions of this Code enforced?

Both within and outside of the Philippine Archipelago

What is an example of a crime committed by a public officer or employee that falls under the jurisdiction of this Code?

Bribery

What is a circumstance under which a crime committed on a foreign merchant vessel is triable in the Philippine courts?

The crime affects the peace and security of the Philippine territory

What is an example of a crime against the national security and the law of nations?

Treason

How many circumstances are listed under which the provisions of this Code are enforced outside of the Philippine jurisdiction?

What is the territorial scope of this Code?

Within the Philippine Archipelago, its atmosphere, its interior waters and Maritime zone

What is the basis for the enforcement of this Code against individuals outside its territorial jurisdiction?

The commission of an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship

What is an example of a crime that falls under the jurisdiction of this Code?

Bribery of a public officer in Japan

What is the purpose of the French Rule in relation to crimes committed aboard foreign merchant vessels?

To try crimes that affect the peace and security of the territory

What is the significance of the phrase 'law of nations' in this Code?

It refers to the law governing international relations

What is the relationship between public officers or employees and the jurisdiction of this Code?

They are subject to the Code's jurisdiction worldwide

What is the exception to the rule that the Revised Penal Code governs only when the crime committed pertains to the exercise of the public official’s functions?

When the crime was committed within the Philippine Embassy or within the embassy grounds in a foreign country

Under which rule does a crime committed on a foreign merchant vessel fall within the jurisdiction of the Philippine courts?

English Rule

What is the status of a vessel that is not registered in accordance with the laws of any country?

It is considered a pirate vessel

What is considered a continuing crime under the doctrine of US v. Bull?

A crime that began in a foreign territory and continued in Philippine waters

In which situation may a foreign country not apply its criminal law even if a crime was committed on board a vessel within its territorial waters?

When the crime is committed in a war vessel of a foreign country

What is required for a ship to be considered a Philippine ship or airship?

It must be registered with the Philippine Bureau of Customs

Study Notes

Effectivity and Application of the Code

This Code takes effect on January 1, 1932
The Code's provisions apply within the Philippine Archipelago, including its atmosphere, interior waters, and maritime zone
The Code also applies outside the Philippines' jurisdiction in specific cases

Extraterritorial Application

Against those who commit an offense on a Philippine ship or airship
Against those who forge or counterfeit Philippine currency, obligations, or securities
Against those liable for introducing forged or counterfeit items into the Philippines
Against public officers or employees who commit an offense in the exercise of their functions
Against those who commit crimes against national security and the law of nations

Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations

Treason
Espionage
Piracy
Mutiny
Violation of neutrality

Crimes Committed on Foreign Merchant Vessels

The English Rule applies in the Philippines, where crimes are triable unless they only affect things within the vessel or refer to its internal management
Exceptions to this rule include:
- Crimes committed on a war vessel of a foreign country, which are part of the sovereignty of that country
- Crimes committed in a country that adopts the French Rule, which only applies to merchant vessels, unless the crime affects national security or public order

Effectivity and Jurisdiction

The Revised Penal Code took effect on January 1, 1932
The Code applies not only within the Philippine Archipelago but also outside its jurisdiction in certain cases

Extra-Territorial Application

Crimes committed on a Philippine ship or airship are under Philippine jurisdiction
Forging or counterfeiting Philippine currency or government securities is a crime punishable under Philippine law, regardless of where it was committed
Public officers or employees who commit an offense while exercising their functions are also subject to Philippine law, even if committed outside the Philippines
Crimes against national security, such as treason, espionage, piracy, and violation of neutrality, are punishable under Philippine law, regardless of where they were committed

Crimes on Foreign Merchant Vessels

The English Rule applies in the Philippines, where crimes committed on foreign merchant vessels are triable in the Philippines unless they only affect the internal management of the vessel
The French Rule does not apply to war vessels or when the crime affects the national security or public order of the foreign country
Crimes committed on pirate vessels are considered crimes against humanity and can be prosecuted anywhere

Requirements for "Offense Committed while on a Philippine Ship or Airship"

The ship must be registered with the Philippine Bureau of Customs
The ship must be in the high seas or the airship must be in international airspace

Continuing Crimes

A crime that starts in a foreign territory and continues into Philippine waters is considered a continuing crime and within the jurisdiction of local courts
The location where the crime starts is not a determining factor in jurisdiction

This quiz covers the effectivity and application of the Philippine Code, including its provisions and jurisdiction. It also explores the Code's extraterritorial application in specific cases.

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