MEC

Long-term exposure to ultra-violet (UV) light, which can occur naturally in sunlight or artificially in some occupations.

The limbus, typically at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions, and it becomes commoner with age, affecting most people by 70 years.

Local redness of the eye, irritation, and discomfort, which can be managed with cold compresses and ocular lubricants.

<p>Educating patients about pinguecula is crucial to alleviate concerns, and they should be reassured about the benign nature of the lesion, which poses no threat to health or sight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing UV protection, such as sunglasses, brimmed hats, and using cold compresses when inflamed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referral is necessary to rule out suspicion of malignant transformation, which is a potential concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A careful examination by an optometrist to distinguish it from other small spots and cysts that appear on the eye surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To limit UV exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-standing exposure of the eyes to ultra-violet (UV) light, dust, and wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor its progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the 3 and 9 o'clock positions, usually on the nasal side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control irritation of the eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where the cornea thins and bulges into a cone shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To correct vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stiffen the cornea and prevent further progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent further corneal damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary concern is monitoring for changes in vision, and it is typically managed by educating the patient about the benign condition and monitoring for changes in vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main difference is that Late Dry ARMD requires monitoring for progression to exudative (wet) ARMD, whereas Early ARMD does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal is to assess for the presence of macular oedema or neovascularization, and it is achieved by co-managing with an ophthalmologist for monitoring and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main concern is identifying underlying causes, such as giant cell arteritis or hypertension, and it is addressed by referring urgently for evaluation and treatment, including systemic steroids for arteritic AION.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key difference is that Retinal Artery Occlusion requires urgent referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation, whereas Retinal Vein Occlusion is co-managed with an ophthalmologist for monitoring and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar management to keratoconus, with regular monitoring for progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal is to reassure the patient about the self-limiting nature of the condition, and it is achieved by educating the patient, advising on avoiding activities that may increase intraocular pressure, and monitoring for resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar management to keratoconus, with monitoring for progression and referral if needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main concern is the need for surgical evaluation and management to address the cataract and any associated ocular trauma, and it is addressed by referring the patient to a specialist for surgical evaluation and management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring lipid levels, with education on the harmless and age-related nature of the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal is to prevent complications, such as increased intraocular pressure and rebleeding, and it is achieved by educating the patient, advising on strict rest and head elevation, and monitoring intraocular pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key difference is that both conditions are managed similarly, with education and monitoring for changes in vision, but Synchisis Scintillans involves cholesterol deposits in the vitreous, whereas Asteroid Hyalosis involves calcium deposits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EDTA chelation or surgical removal if visually significant, with underlying conditions managed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating the patient on gradual loss of corneal endothelial cells, with monitoring for visual changes and management of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main concern is identifying underlying causes, such as multiple sclerosis or infection, and it is addressed by referring the patient for neurology evaluation and possible imaging studies, and providing symptomatic treatment and management of associated conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing for underlying systemic conditions and monitoring for visual impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating the patient on recurrent corneal epithelial defects, with management using lubricating ointments or bandage contact lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing for the presence and location of the foreign body, with removal if accessible and within scope of practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing the size and depth of the abrasion, with prescription of topical antibiotics and consideration of bandage contact lens for comfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating the patient on the chronic condition, with warmth, lid hygiene, and lubrication to promote gland function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary management strategy for vernal conjunctivitis is to educate the patient and prescribe topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers. Additionally, consider short courses of topical corticosteroids during exacerbations and advise the patient to avoid triggers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management of atopic conjunctivitis differs from vernal conjunctivitis in that it requires mild topical corticosteroids for acute exacerbations under close supervision. Additionally, addressing the underlying skin condition is crucial in managing atopic conjunctivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary cause of contact lens-associated papillary conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction to contact lens wear. The management strategy involves advising temporary cessation of contact lens wear, prescribing topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers, and considering changing the lens material or care regimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate cessation of lens wear is crucial in the management of contact lens-associated peripheral ulcer to prevent corneal perforation. Delayed referral can lead to serious complications and vision loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management of episcleritis involves prescribing topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or mild corticosteroids for symptomatic relief, whereas scleritis requires urgent referral to a rheumatologist or ophthalmologist and systemic NSAIDs or corticosteroids. Delayed referral for scleritis can lead to systemic complications and vision loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary management strategy for anterior uveitis involves referring the patient urgently to an ophthalmologist, prescribing topical corticosteroids and cycloplegics, and monitoring for complications. Inadequate treatment can lead to complications such as elevated intraocular pressure and synechiae formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urgent referral to an ophthalmologist is crucial in the management of HSV dendritic ulcers to prevent corneal involvement and vision loss. Delayed referral can lead to progression of the disease and increased risk of complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary management strategy for microbial keratitis involves urgent referral to an ophthalmologist, prescribing topical broad-spectrum antibiotics or antifungals, and considering culture and sensitivity testing. Delayed treatment can lead to corneal scarring and vision loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating patients on proper contact lens hygiene and avoidance of tap water is crucial in the management of microbial keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba to prevent recurrence and reduce the risk of complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary management strategy for acute closed-angle glaucoma involves recognizing the emergency nature, referring the patient urgently to an ophthalmologist or emergency department, and prescribing topical ocular hypotensive medications. Delayed referral can lead to vision loss and irreversible damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers