13 Questions
Main disadvantage of X-ray radiographs:
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is best used for visualizing the following, except:
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These are examples of MRI machines, except:
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This percentage of individuals who report back pain have no demonstrable tissue pathology could be identified with imaging studies:
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Fifty seven percent (57%) of whiplash injuries occur above this level:
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The following are characteristics of pathological degeneration:
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Findings like annulus tears and fissures can be visualized in a T2 Weighted MRI like high intensity zones.
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A disc herniation is an unilateral outpouching of the intervertebral disc. It's classified as protrusion, extrusion and sequestration.
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This type of Modic change in endplate is characterized by edema inflammation and can represent an acute to subacute injury or trauma.
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A Schmorl's node can be considered a type of disc bulge.
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After a whiplash injury, osteophytes can develop in as early as
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In a case with a spondylolisthesis diagnosis, it is imperative as part of our assessment:
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In cases with degenerative findings in the medical reports, we should consider additional factors beyond client’s age, including: biomechanics of the accident, past and current symptoms, past medical and surgical history, previous accidents, and any genetic or pre-existing conditions.
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Study Notes
Imaging and Degenerative Changes
- Main disadvantage of X-ray radiographs is not specified, but MRI is best suited for visualizing internal structures.
- MRI machines include examples such as Open MRI, Closed MRI, and Extremity MRI.
Pathology and Injury
- 57% of whiplash injuries occur above the C4-C5 level.
- 57% of individuals who report back pain have no demonstrable tissue pathology that can be identified with imaging studies.
Characteristics of Degenerative Changes
- Pathological degeneration is characterized by findings such as annulus tears and fissures, which can be visualized in T2 Weighted MRI as high intensity zones.
Disc Herniation and Modic Changes
- A disc herniation is an unilateral outpouching of the intervertebral disc, classified as protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration.
- Modic type 1 endplate changes are characterized by edema, inflammation, and can represent an acute to subacute injury or trauma.
- A Schmorl's node can be considered a type of disc bulge.
Post-Whiplash Injury Changes
- Osteophytes can develop in as early as 3-6 months after a whiplash injury.
Assessment of Spondylolisthesis
- In cases of spondylolisthesis, it is imperative to assess biomechanics of the accident, past and current symptoms, past medical and surgical history, previous accidents, and any genetic or pre-existing conditions.
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