Podcast
Questions and Answers
Main disadvantage of X-ray radiographs:
Main disadvantage of X-ray radiographs:
- Can't be used in claustrophobic patients
- Higher costs
- Can't be used with people with pacemakers
- The superimposition of soft tissue and bony structures interferes with accurate interpretation (correct)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is best used for visualizing the following, except:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is best used for visualizing the following, except:
- Spinal injuries
- Spine instability
- Embolisms (correct)
- Disc disease
These are examples of MRI machines, except:
These are examples of MRI machines, except:
- Closed
- Positional
- Contrasted (correct)
- Open
This percentage of individuals who report back pain have no demonstrable tissue pathology could be identified with imaging studies:
This percentage of individuals who report back pain have no demonstrable tissue pathology could be identified with imaging studies:
Fifty seven percent (57%) of whiplash injuries occur above this level:
Fifty seven percent (57%) of whiplash injuries occur above this level:
The following are characteristics of pathological degeneration:
The following are characteristics of pathological degeneration:
Findings like annulus tears and fissures can be visualized in a T2 Weighted MRI like high intensity zones.
Findings like annulus tears and fissures can be visualized in a T2 Weighted MRI like high intensity zones.
A disc herniation is an unilateral outpouching of the intervertebral disc. It's classified as protrusion, extrusion and sequestration.
A disc herniation is an unilateral outpouching of the intervertebral disc. It's classified as protrusion, extrusion and sequestration.
This type of Modic change in endplate is characterized by edema inflammation and can represent an acute to subacute injury or trauma.
This type of Modic change in endplate is characterized by edema inflammation and can represent an acute to subacute injury or trauma.
A Schmorl's node can be considered a type of disc bulge.
A Schmorl's node can be considered a type of disc bulge.
After a whiplash injury, osteophytes can develop in as early as
After a whiplash injury, osteophytes can develop in as early as
In a case with a spondylolisthesis diagnosis, it is imperative as part of our assessment:
In a case with a spondylolisthesis diagnosis, it is imperative as part of our assessment:
In cases with degenerative findings in the medical reports, we should consider additional factors beyond client’s age, including: biomechanics of the accident, past and current symptoms, past medical and surgical history, previous accidents, and any genetic or pre-existing conditions.
In cases with degenerative findings in the medical reports, we should consider additional factors beyond client’s age, including: biomechanics of the accident, past and current symptoms, past medical and surgical history, previous accidents, and any genetic or pre-existing conditions.
Flashcards
X-ray radiograph disadvantage
X-ray radiograph disadvantage
Soft tissue and bone overlap, making accurate interpretation difficult.
MRI best use (excluding)
MRI best use (excluding)
Embolisms (blood clots).
MRI machine type (excluding)
MRI machine type (excluding)
Contrasted (enhanced) MRI.
Back pain w/o tissue pathology (%)
Back pain w/o tissue pathology (%)
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Whiplash injury level (57%)
Whiplash injury level (57%)
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Pathological Degeneration characteristics
Pathological Degeneration characteristics
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T2 Weighted MRI findings
T2 Weighted MRI findings
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Disc herniation classification
Disc herniation classification
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Modic change type I
Modic change type I
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Schmorl's node vs. disc bulge
Schmorl's node vs. disc bulge
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Osteophyte development after whiplash
Osteophyte development after whiplash
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Spondylolisthesis assessment
Spondylolisthesis assessment
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Degenerative findings in reports
Degenerative findings in reports
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Study Notes
Imaging and Degenerative Changes
- Main disadvantage of X-ray radiographs is not specified, but MRI is best suited for visualizing internal structures.
- MRI machines include examples such as Open MRI, Closed MRI, and Extremity MRI.
Pathology and Injury
- 57% of whiplash injuries occur above the C4-C5 level.
- 57% of individuals who report back pain have no demonstrable tissue pathology that can be identified with imaging studies.
Characteristics of Degenerative Changes
- Pathological degeneration is characterized by findings such as annulus tears and fissures, which can be visualized in T2 Weighted MRI as high intensity zones.
Disc Herniation and Modic Changes
- A disc herniation is an unilateral outpouching of the intervertebral disc, classified as protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration.
- Modic type 1 endplate changes are characterized by edema, inflammation, and can represent an acute to subacute injury or trauma.
- A Schmorl's node can be considered a type of disc bulge.
Post-Whiplash Injury Changes
- Osteophytes can develop in as early as 3-6 months after a whiplash injury.
Assessment of Spondylolisthesis
- In cases of spondylolisthesis, it is imperative to assess biomechanics of the accident, past and current symptoms, past medical and surgical history, previous accidents, and any genetic or pre-existing conditions.
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