periodentine 1

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of cementum is mineral?

50-60%

30-40%

45-50% (correct)

20-30%

What is unique about the development of the periodontal tissues?

They develop from the gum

They develop from the jaw

They do not develop at all

They develop from the teeth (correct)

What is the function of the periodontal ligament (PDL)?

To support and anchor the tooth in the jaw (correct)

To produce saliva

To aid in the development of the jaw

To aid in the development of the tooth

What is the composition of cementum?

45-50% hydroxyapatite, 50-55% collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of cementum?

Yellowish Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cementum?

It is avascular Signup and view all the answers

What part of the tooth root is primarily covered by acellular cementum?

Cervical 2/3 or more Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acellular cementum in humans?

To provide the site of attachment for the fibers of the periodontal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are found in acellular cementum?

Sharpey's fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of acellular cementum in ground thin sections?

Thin and clear Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of deposition of acellular cementum?

Slow and continuous throughout life Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of cellular cementum on the tooth root?

Apical 1/3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of acellular cementum?

To anchor a tooth into its socket Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are contained in Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum?

Sharpey's fiber bundles from the periodontal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people have Acellular Afibrillar Cementum at the cervical margin?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between acellular and cellular cementum?

Cellular cementum is deposited more rapidly Signup and view all the answers

When does cellular cementum begin to form?

After half of the tooth root has begun to form Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth may not have cellular cementum?

Incisors and canines Signup and view all the answers

Who named the tissue 'cement' due to its 'cementing' function in elephant molars?

Georges Cuvier Signup and view all the answers

In what century were teeth thought to be made only of two tissues?

1700-1800 Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered cementum in other animals, showing it coats tooth roots in humans and other mammals?

Sir Richard Owen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cementum according to Georges Cuvier?

Holding plate-like cusps together Signup and view all the answers

When was cementum discovered in human teeth?

Not mentioned Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cementum?

Acellular and cellular Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellular cementum?

To adapt to the changing environment of the tooth socket Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the canaliculi of cementocytes?

They are mostly pointing towards the outer surface of the cementum Signup and view all the answers

What can be found in the spaces within the cementum?

Cementocytes Signup and view all the answers

What can change over time in cellular cementum?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the minor role of cellular cementum?

To facilitate the attachment and re-attachment of the PDL fiber bundles Signup and view all the answers

What can be found in cellular cementum?

Both acellular and cellular regions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cementum and Its Composition

Approximately 65% of cementum is mineral.
Cementum has a yellowish color, indicating its distinct physical characteristic.
Main components include hydroxyapatite, collagen fibers, and non-collagenous proteins.

Development and Function of Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal tissues develop unique characteristics related to their function in anchoring teeth.
The periodontal ligament (PDL) provides support and acts as a shock absorber, connecting the tooth to the alveolar bone.

Acellular vs. Cellular Cementum

Acellular cementum primarily covers the tooth root, contributing to its stability.
Functions of acellular cementum include tooth anchorage and protection of the root dentin.
Acellular cementum contains Sharpey's fibers, which are collagen fibers anchoring it to the bone.
Thin sections reveal a characteristic pattern of acellular cementum, showing a smoother appearance compared to cellular cementum.
The rate of deposition for acellular cementum is relatively slow, adapting to tooth rehabilitation needs.
Cellular cementum appears in areas of the tooth that undergo continuous remodeling, located mainly in the apical region of roots.
Main role of cellular cementum is to accommodate changes, responding to functional forces on the teeth.

Historical Context

Cuvier named cementum for its 'cementing' role in elephant molars, indicating its functional importance.
In the 18th century, it was believed that teeth were comprised solely of two tissues, showing how understanding has evolved.
Cementum was identified in various animals, highlighting its presence and essential function in coating tooth roots across species.

Types and Characteristics of Cementum

Two main types are acellular (primary) and cellular (secondary) cementum.
Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum contains Sharpey's fibers, crucial for tooth attachment.
Around 50% of individuals have acellular afibrillar cementum at the cervical margin, contributing to the health of periodontal tissues.
The primary function of cellular cementum is its ability to repair and adapt to stresses from mastication.

Microstructural Insights

Canaliculi found in cementocytes serve as communication channels, allowing for nutrient and waste management within cementum.
Spaces within the cementum can host cementocytes and are involved in influencing cementum's adaptability over time.
Cellular cementum can change in thickness and density as a response to functional activities.
Minor roles of cellular cementum include gracefulness in tooth mobility during function and maintaining periodontal health.

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