49 Questions
At what stage do the reproductive organs become functional?
Puberty
Which cycle occurs repeatedly when pregnancy does not occur?
Oestrous cycle
What is the only real male contribution to the reproduction process?
Sperm
What is the act of giving birth?
Parturition
What is the length of time of pregnancy?
Gestation
What is the term for the period of receptivity to mating in the female reproductive cycle?
Oestrus
During which stage of the reproductive process do the egg and sperm unite?
Fertilization
What is the primary purpose of the Oestrous cycle?
To induce receptivity to mating when pregnancy does not occur
What is the relationship between the Oestrous cycle and pregnancy?
The Oestrous cycle occurs repetitively when pregnancy does not occur
What is the significance of puberty in the reproductive process?
It is the age at which reproductive organs become functional
What is the primary function of the female reproductive cycle?
To prepare for fertilization and gestation
What is the significance of the Oestrous cycle in the absence of pregnancy?
It allows the reproductive cycle to repeat
What is the result of the union of the egg and sperm?
The formation of the zygote
What is the role of the male in the reproductive process?
To provide sperm for fertilization
What is the purpose of the Oestrous cycle in the reproductive process?
To prepare the female for fertilization and gestation
What is the age range of puberty in horses?
12 to 15 Months
Which animal has the longest puberty period?
Human
What is the age range of puberty in sheep?
5 to 7 Months
What percentage of mature weight do animals typically reach at puberty?
70-75%
What is the age range of puberty in swine?
4 to 8 months
Which animal has the shortest puberty period?
Rabbit
What is the age range of puberty in dogs?
6 to 14+ months
At what age range do humans typically reach puberty?
9 to 16 years
What percentage of mature weight do cattle typically reach at puberty?
70-75%
Which animal reaches puberty within the shortest time frame?
Sheep
What is the age range of puberty in cattle?
6 to 12 months
Which animals have a longer puberty period than humans?
Horses
What percentage of mature weight do animals typically reach at puberty?
70-75%
Which animal has a puberty period that can exceed 14 months?
Dogs
What is the term for the stage of the oestrous cycle when the corpus luteum is formed from the follicle that houses the ovary?
Metoestrus
What is the stage of the oestrous cycle characterized by the swelling of the vulva and the presence of a bloody discharge?
Pro-oestrus
What is the term for the period of time when the sexual cycle is inactive?
Anoestrus
What is the acronym that stands for the stages of the oestrous cycle?
POMDA
What is the purpose of the corpus luteum during the Metoestrus stage?
To secrete hormones that help the uterine wall thicken
What occurs during the Oestrus stage?
Ovulation and acceptance of the male for mating
What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the Metoestrus stage?
To thicken the uterine wall for the egg to attach
What is the stage of the oestrous cycle characterized by maximum corpus luteum function?
Dioestrus
What can induce the Anoestrus stage?
Time of year, pregnancy, lactation, significant illness, chronic energy deficit, and age
What is the result of the decrease in corpus luteum function during the Dioestrus stage?
Pseudo-pregnancy is terminated
What type of oestrous cycle do cattle, pigs, cats, and rabbits exhibit?
Polyestrous cycle continuously with no anoestrus
Which animals exhibit a seasonal polyestrous cycle?
Sheep and horses
How often do dogs exhibit a monoestrous cycle?
Every six months
How long are dogs attracted to females during their monoestrous cycle?
18 days
For how long are females attracted to males during their monoestrous cycle?
Half the time of males
What type of oestrous cycle do cattle, pigs, cats, and rabbits exhibit?
Continuous polyestrous
Which animals exhibit a seasonal polyestrous cycle?
Sheep and horses
How often do dogs exhibit a monoestrous cycle?
Biannually
For how long are dogs attracted to females during their monoestrous cycle?
18 days
For how long are females attracted to males during their monoestrous cycle?
Half the time of the males
Study Notes
Events of Reproduction
- Puberty is the age at which reproductive organs become functional.
Female Reproductive Cycle
- The reproductive process occurs within the Oestrous cycle, a repetitive cycle that occurs when pregnancy does not.
- Oestrus refers to the "heat" or receptivity to mating.
Conception and Pregnancy
- Fertilization occurs when the egg and sperm unite.
- The only real male contribution to reproduction is the sperm.
Pregnancy and Birth
- Gestation refers to the length of time of pregnancy.
- Parturition is the act of giving birth.
Events of Reproduction
- Puberty is the age at which reproductive organs become functional.
Female Reproductive Cycle
- The reproductive process occurs within the Oestrous cycle, a repetitive cycle that occurs when pregnancy does not.
- Oestrus refers to the "heat" or receptivity to mating.
Conception and Pregnancy
- Fertilization occurs when the egg and sperm unite.
- The only real male contribution to reproduction is the sperm.
Pregnancy and Birth
- Gestation refers to the length of time of pregnancy.
- Parturition is the act of giving birth.
Events of Reproduction
- Puberty is the age at which reproductive organs become functional.
Female Reproductive Cycle
- The reproductive process occurs within the Oestrous cycle, a repetitive cycle that occurs when pregnancy does not.
- Oestrus refers to the "heat" or receptivity to mating.
Conception and Pregnancy
- Fertilization occurs when the egg and sperm unite.
- The only real male contribution to reproduction is the sperm.
Pregnancy and Birth
- Gestation refers to the length of time of pregnancy.
- Parturition is the act of giving birth.
Age of Puberty in Different Species
- Cattle reach puberty between 6 to 12 months of age.
- Sheep enter puberty between 5 to 7 months old.
- Swine become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
- Horses reach puberty at 12 to 15 months old.
- Dogs enter puberty between 6 to 14+ months of age.
- Cats reach puberty between 5 to 10 months old.
- Rabbits become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
Age of Puberty in Humans
- Humans reach puberty between 9 to 16 years old, achieving approximately 70-75% of their mature weight during this period.
Age of Puberty in Different Species
- Cattle reach puberty between 6 to 12 months of age.
- Sheep enter puberty between 5 to 7 months old.
- Swine become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
- Horses reach puberty at 12 to 15 months old.
- Dogs enter puberty between 6 to 14+ months of age.
- Cats reach puberty between 5 to 10 months old.
- Rabbits become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
Age of Puberty in Humans
- Humans reach puberty between 9 to 16 years old, achieving approximately 70-75% of their mature weight during this period.
Age of Puberty in Different Species
- Cattle reach puberty between 6 to 12 months of age.
- Sheep enter puberty between 5 to 7 months old.
- Swine become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
- Horses reach puberty at 12 to 15 months old.
- Dogs enter puberty between 6 to 14+ months of age.
- Cats reach puberty between 5 to 10 months old.
- Rabbits become pubescent between 4 to 8 months of age.
Age of Puberty in Humans
- Humans reach puberty between 9 to 16 years old, achieving approximately 70-75% of their mature weight during this period.
Oestrus Cycle
- The acronym for the oestrus cycle is POMDA, which stands for Pro-oestrus, Oestrus, Metoestrus, Dioestrus, and Anoestrus.
Pro-oestrus
- Occurs before heat (oestrus)
- Characterized by:
- Vulva swelling
- Bloody discharge
- Attraction to males, but no mating
Oestrus
- Also known as heat
- Ovulation occurs
- Female accepts males for mating
Metoestrus
- Oestrus ends
- Corpus luteum (CL) forms from the follicle that houses the ovary
- CL secretes hormones, such as progesterone, that:
- Thicken the uterine wall
- Prepare for egg attachment
Dioestrus
- Maximum CL function occurs if pregnant
- CL produces progesterone, maintaining a thickened uterine wall
- Pseudo-pregnancy terminates with a decrease in CL function (uterine wall thinning)
Anoestrus
- The sexual cycle is at rest
- Induced by:
- Time of year
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Significant illness
- Chronic energy deficit
- Possibly age
Oestrus Cycle
- The acronym for the oestrus cycle is POMDA, which stands for Pro-oestrus, Oestrus, Metoestrus, Dioestrus, and Anoestrus.
Pro-oestrus
- Occurs before heat (oestrus)
- Characterized by:
- Vulva swelling
- Bloody discharge
- Attraction to males, but no mating
Oestrus
- Also known as heat
- Ovulation occurs
- Female accepts males for mating
Metoestrus
- Oestrus ends
- Corpus luteum (CL) forms from the follicle that houses the ovary
- CL secretes hormones, such as progesterone, that:
- Thicken the uterine wall
- Prepare for egg attachment
Dioestrus
- Maximum CL function occurs if pregnant
- CL produces progesterone, maintaining a thickened uterine wall
- Pseudo-pregnancy terminates with a decrease in CL function (uterine wall thinning)
Anoestrus
- The sexual cycle is at rest
- Induced by:
- Time of year
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Significant illness
- Chronic energy deficit
- Possibly age
Oestrous Cycles
- Polyestrous cycles occur continuously with no anoestrus (period of sexual inactivity) in cattle, pigs, cats, and rabbits.
- In polyestrous cycles, females can breed multiple times in a year.
Seasonal Polyestrous
- In seasonal polyestrous cycles, a period of continuous breeding cycles is followed by a period of anoestrus (sexual inactivity).
- This type of cycle is controlled by temperature or light and is seen in sheep and horses.
Monoestrous Cycles
- Monoestrous cycles occur only once in a time period, such as every year or every six months.
- Dogs exhibit biannual monoestrous cycles, meaning they breed every six months.
Canine Breeding Cycles
- Male dogs are attracted to females in heat for 18 days.
- Female dogs are attracted to males for half the time it takes males to be attracted to them.
Oestrous Cycles
- Polyestrous cycles occur continuously with no anoestrus (period of sexual inactivity) in cattle, pigs, cats, and rabbits.
- In polyestrous cycles, females can breed multiple times in a year.
Seasonal Polyestrous
- In seasonal polyestrous cycles, a period of continuous breeding cycles is followed by a period of anoestrus (sexual inactivity).
- This type of cycle is controlled by temperature or light and is seen in sheep and horses.
Monoestrous Cycles
- Monoestrous cycles occur only once in a time period, such as every year or every six months.
- Dogs exhibit biannual monoestrous cycles, meaning they breed every six months.
Canine Breeding Cycles
- Male dogs are attracted to females in heat for 18 days.
- Female dogs are attracted to males for half the time it takes males to be attracted to them.
This quiz covers the basics of human reproduction, including puberty, the female reproductive cycle, conception, pregnancy, and birth.
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